@article{47e86311a8be4e6d979803d9534284fa,
title = "Smallholder Adaptation to Drought in Costa Rica's Crony Capitalist Rice Economy",
abstract = "This article advances theoretical understanding of exclusionary politics in rural locations through an institutional analysis of adaptation to climate change in Costa Rica's rice economy. It describes how crony capitalism evolved in state-sponsored rural development as the national economy moved towards a new neoliberal model. Cronies reorganized rice production and re-appropriated capital flows. As smallholder farmers were marginalized in the rice economy, their reliance on the state for irrigation water made them vulnerable to drought. As the state adapted its water allocation scheme to drought conditions, it determined who would profit and who would lose their livelihood. The authors use this analysis to argue that climate change adaptation is a normative process that may be used to justify coercion and control of specific classes of people. To understand this process, current adaptation frames must be broadened to include the organization of production and the appropriation and realization of capital flows. This broadening facilitates an understanding of how climate change adaptation strategies produce stratified class structures; some classes are made vulnerable to climate change while others profit. Breaking with the common refrain in much of the critical literature on neoliberal development, the authors argue that state responses to neoliberal change — not just neoliberal change itself — must be increasingly incorporated into critical development studies of rural transformations.",
author = "Warner, {Benjamin P.} and Daniel Childers and Christopher Kuzdas and Gabriela Stocks",
note = "Funding Information: Daniel L. Childers (dan.childers@asu.edu) is a Professor in the School of Sustainability at Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ, USA. He is the Director of the Central Arizona-Phoenix LTER Program and Co-Director of the Urban Sustainability Research Coordination Network, both of which are funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). His research focuses on wetland ecosystem ecology, urban ecology and sustainability science. Funding Information: was generously provided by the C.W. & Modene Neely Charitable Foundation, the Organization for Tropical Studies National Science Foundation (Grants 0553925 and 1132840), and the GISER Integrative Society and Environment Research Program. Support was provided to Daniel Childers by the NSF through the CAP LTER Program (DEB-1026865 and DEB-1637590). Support was provided to Gabriela Stocks through NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant #0851073 and the University of Florida's Tropical Conservation and Development program. Thanks are also extended to the farmers and officials who gave their time to be involved in this research in the hope that it would inform solutions. Our gratitude is extended to Hallie Eakin, Joshua Abbott and three anonymous reviewers for extremely constructive comments on multiple drafts of the manuscript, and to Carolina Murcia for her vision and support of this research. Funding Information: Funding was generously provided by the C.W. & Modene Neely Charitable Foundation, the Organization for Tropical Studies National Science Foundation (Grants 0553925 and 1132840), and the GISER Integrative Society and Environment Research Program. Support was provided to Daniel Childers by the NSF through the CAP LTER Program (DEB-1026865 and DEB-1637590). Support was provided to Gabriela Stocks through NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant #0851073 and the University of Florida{\textquoteright}s Tropical Conservation and Development program. Thanks are also extended to the farmers and officials who gave their time to be involved in this research in the hope that it would inform solutions. Our gratitude is extended to Hallie Eakin, Joshua Abbott and three anonymous reviewers for extremely constructive comments on multiple drafts of the manuscript, and to Carolina Murcia for her vision and support of this research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 International Institute of Social Studies",
year = "2018",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1111/dech.12420",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "49",
pages = "1392--1421",
journal = "Development and Change",
issn = "0012-155X",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "6",
}