Simplified design of biofilm processes using normalized loading curves

The design of biofilm processes can be based on the mechanistically rigorous steady-state biofilm model and can also be simple to do when normalized loading curves are employed. A family of normalized loading curves is developed from principles of biofilm kinetics. The significance of the three dimensionless design parameters - S(min)*, L* and J/J(R) - is discussed. Finally, the design approach is illustrated by an example for completely mixed and segmented reactors removing soluble BOD in a biofilm reactor. Res. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 62, 185 (1990).