TY - JOUR
T1 - Seasonal and diurnal variations of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration within a residential sector of the urban CO2 dome of Phoenix, AZ, USA
AU - Idso, Sherwood B.
AU - Idso, Craig D.
AU - Balling, Robert
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (# UPAS 8/11/99). Other support was provided by the Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change.
PY - 2002
Y1 - 2002
N2 - Over most of an entire year (315 days), we obtained 1-min averages of near-surface (2-m height) atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and wind speed in a residential area of a suburb of Phoenix, AZ. Daily minimum CO2 concentrations, which occurred during the afternoon, were nearly invariant over the year, averaging 390.2±0.2ppm. Daily maximum CO2 concentrations, however, which occurred at night, varied seasonally with the air temperature, exhibiting a mean peak of 490.6ppm about 2h before midnight during the coldest part of the year (December-January) and 424.3ppm just before sunrise during the warmest part of the year (July-August). Reevaluating prior assessments of the strength of the urban CO2 dome at the center of Phoenix, our results suggest a mean cold-season maximum there of 619.3ppm, which is 67.4% greater than the rural background value. At our residential site, however, the mean cold-season maximum was only 32.6% greater than the surrounding rural mean. Averaged over the entire night, this enhancement dropped to 25.4% in the cold season and 10.9% in the warm season, while over the daylight period it averaged 10.5% and 10.1% in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. CO2 concentrations were greater on weekdays than on weekends from 0415 to 0830 in the warm season and from 0445 to 1045 in the cold season. During peak morning traffic, the maximum weekday-weekend CO2 differential was 35.9ppm in the cold season and 22.0ppm in the warm season.
AB - Over most of an entire year (315 days), we obtained 1-min averages of near-surface (2-m height) atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature and wind speed in a residential area of a suburb of Phoenix, AZ. Daily minimum CO2 concentrations, which occurred during the afternoon, were nearly invariant over the year, averaging 390.2±0.2ppm. Daily maximum CO2 concentrations, however, which occurred at night, varied seasonally with the air temperature, exhibiting a mean peak of 490.6ppm about 2h before midnight during the coldest part of the year (December-January) and 424.3ppm just before sunrise during the warmest part of the year (July-August). Reevaluating prior assessments of the strength of the urban CO2 dome at the center of Phoenix, our results suggest a mean cold-season maximum there of 619.3ppm, which is 67.4% greater than the rural background value. At our residential site, however, the mean cold-season maximum was only 32.6% greater than the surrounding rural mean. Averaged over the entire night, this enhancement dropped to 25.4% in the cold season and 10.9% in the warm season, while over the daylight period it averaged 10.5% and 10.1% in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. CO2 concentrations were greater on weekdays than on weekends from 0415 to 0830 in the warm season and from 0445 to 1045 in the cold season. During peak morning traffic, the maximum weekday-weekend CO2 differential was 35.9ppm in the cold season and 22.0ppm in the warm season.
KW - Automobiles
KW - Boundary layer
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - City climate
KW - Urban environment
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U2 - 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00159-0
DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00159-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0036001420
VL - 36
SP - 1655
EP - 1660
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
IS - 10
ER -