TY - JOUR
T1 - Seafloor bioalteration of sulfide minerals
T2 - Results from in situ incubation studies
AU - Edwards, Katrina J.
AU - McCollom, Thomas M.
AU - Konishi, Hiromi
AU - Buseck, P R
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Hess Petrographic for thick section preparation, M. K. Tivey for retrieving seafloor-reacted materials, J. Seewald for inviting our participation in the cruise that allowed this work to be initiated (sponsored by NSF; OCE-9906752), and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. G. Druschel, D. Rogers, and E. Webb provided helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Funding was provided by the NSF grants OCE-0096992 and EAR-0073998 (to KJE), EAR-0003533 (to PRB), and EAR-0073850 (to TMM).
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2003/8/1
Y1 - 2003/8/1
N2 - We present results of incubation studies conducted at low temperatures (∼4°C) in the vicinity of a seafloor hydrothermal vent system. We reacted Fe-, S-, Cu-, and Zn-bearing minerals including pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, elemental sulfur, and a portion of a natural chimney sulfide structure for 2 months at the Main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Our study utilizes Fluorescent In Situ Hybridizations (FISH), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM), and light microscopic analysis. The surfaces of these minerals are solely colonized by Bacteria and not by Archaea. Colonization densities vary over an order of magnitude with the following sequence: elemental sulfur > chimney sulfide > marcasite > pyrite > sphalerite > chalcopyrite, and correspond well with the abiotic oxidation kinetics of these materials, excepting elemental sulfur, which is both the least reactive to oxidizing species and the most heavily colonized. Colonization densities also correspond with apparent degree of reaction (dissolution pitting + accumulation of secondary alteration products). Heavy accumulations of secondary Fe oxides on Fe-bearing minerals, most notably on the chimney sulfide, form in situ as the result of mineral dissolution and the activity of neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. Results suggest that mineral-oxidizing bacteria play a prominent role in weathering of seafloor sulfide deposits, and that microbial utilization of mineral substrates contributes to biomass production in seafloor hydrothermal environments.
AB - We present results of incubation studies conducted at low temperatures (∼4°C) in the vicinity of a seafloor hydrothermal vent system. We reacted Fe-, S-, Cu-, and Zn-bearing minerals including pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, elemental sulfur, and a portion of a natural chimney sulfide structure for 2 months at the Main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Our study utilizes Fluorescent In Situ Hybridizations (FISH), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM), and light microscopic analysis. The surfaces of these minerals are solely colonized by Bacteria and not by Archaea. Colonization densities vary over an order of magnitude with the following sequence: elemental sulfur > chimney sulfide > marcasite > pyrite > sphalerite > chalcopyrite, and correspond well with the abiotic oxidation kinetics of these materials, excepting elemental sulfur, which is both the least reactive to oxidizing species and the most heavily colonized. Colonization densities also correspond with apparent degree of reaction (dissolution pitting + accumulation of secondary alteration products). Heavy accumulations of secondary Fe oxides on Fe-bearing minerals, most notably on the chimney sulfide, form in situ as the result of mineral dissolution and the activity of neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. Results suggest that mineral-oxidizing bacteria play a prominent role in weathering of seafloor sulfide deposits, and that microbial utilization of mineral substrates contributes to biomass production in seafloor hydrothermal environments.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0013274443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0013274443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00089-9
DO - 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00089-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0013274443
SN - 0016-7037
VL - 67
SP - 2843
EP - 2856
JO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
IS - 15
ER -