@article{c521146866e9410da68c5cbef28f90bb,
title = "Resource competition shapes female–female aggression in olive baboons, Papio anubis",
abstract = "For mammalian females, which bear the energetic costs of gestation and lactation, competition over food resources is generally expected to have a more important impact on reproductive success than competition over mates. However, there are some situations in which mammalian females compete over access to mates, limited supplies of sperm or caretaking for their offspring. Competition over both access to food and access to mates have been documented in female baboons (Papio spp.). Here, we examined the relative importance of competition over food and mates for wild female olive baboons, Papio anubis, in shaping the patterns of aggression among females. Lactating and pregnant females were more aggressive than females in other reproductive states, and sexually receptive females initiated and received relatively little aggression. There was no evidence that females competed over caretakers for their offspring or reduced future competition through reproductive suppression. Our data suggest that competition over food plays a more important role than competition over mates for female olive baboons. The body of current evidence suggests that evolution has finely tuned female baboons{\textquoteright} responses to the competitive pressures that they face in their local environments.",
keywords = "Papio anubis, aggression, baboon, intrasexual selection, resource competition",
author = "Patterson, {Sam K.} and Strum, {Shirley C.} and Silk, {Joan B.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Office of the President of the Republic of Kenya and the Kenya Wildlife Service for permission to conduct this field research. We thank Kate Abderholden, Megan Best, Megan Cole, Moira Donovan, Alexandra Duchesneau, Jessica Gunson, Molly McEntee, Laura Pe{\~n}a, Eila Roberts and Leah Worthington for their contributions to data collection. We thank the staff of the Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, particularly Jeremiah Lendira, James King'au, Joshua Lendira and Frances Molo for their help and companionship in the field, David Muiruri for invaluable assistance with logistics and data management, and the African Conservation Centre for facilitating the UNBP project and assisting us with our work. We thank Brendan Barrett, Veronika St{\"a}dele and Joel Bray for statistical assistance. We thank Elise Huchard, Alice Baniel, Emily Levy and one anonymous referee for comments and helpful suggestions on prior versions of this manuscript. The research on which this paper was based was supported with funds to J.B.S. from Arizona State University . The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Funding Information: We thank the Office of the President of the Republic of Kenya and the Kenya Wildlife Service for permission to conduct this field research. We thank Kate Abderholden, Megan Best, Megan Cole, Moira Donovan, Alexandra Duchesneau, Jessica Gunson, Molly McEntee, Laura Pe?a, Eila Roberts and Leah Worthington for their contributions to data collection. We thank the staff of the Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, particularly Jeremiah Lendira, James King'au, Joshua Lendira and Frances Molo for their help and companionship in the field, David Muiruri for invaluable assistance with logistics and data management, and the African Conservation Centre for facilitating the UNBP project and assisting us with our work. We thank Brendan Barrett, Veronika St?dele and Joel Bray for statistical assistance. We thank Elise Huchard, Alice Baniel, Emily Levy and one anonymous referee for comments and helpful suggestions on prior versions of this manuscript. The research on which this paper was based was supported with funds to J.B.S. from Arizona State University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.013",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "176",
pages = "23--41",
journal = "Animal Behaviour",
issn = "0003-3472",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}