TY - JOUR
T1 - Removal of multiple drinking water contaminants by combined ion exchange resin in a completely mixed flow reactor
AU - Hu, Yue
AU - Boyer, Treavor H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This publication was made possible by US EPA grant R835334. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The authors sincerely thank the Cedar Key Water and Sewer District (CKWSD), especially James McCain, Neil Doty, and Billy Quinn. The authors would especially like to acknowledge Neil Doty who was assistant superintendent at CKWSD for 33 years and passed away on February 11, 2017. The authors also thank IXOM, Centennial, CO, for providing the resins.
Publisher Copyright:
© IWA Publishing 2018.
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - This research evaluated the combined ion exchange (CIX) process to give drinking water treatment plants a new option for multiple contaminants removal. The CIX process uses anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin in a single vessel, which enables simultaneous removal of anionic and cationic contaminants. The novel aspect of the CIX process investigated in this research was its application in a small pilot, completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) with resin recycle and resin regeneration thereby providing realistic performance data. A wide range of contaminants was tested for removal including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), calcium, strontium, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, and chloride, and sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) were compared in terms of regeneration efficiency. The key results showed 50 to 80% removal of DOC, calcium, strontium, and sulfate, and less than 30% removal of nitrate, sodium, and chloride. In general, NaCl and KHCO3 showed similar regeneration efficiency. Removal of sodium and chloride by CIX was only possible when KHCO3 was used for regeneration due to the potassium and bicarbonate counterions.
AB - This research evaluated the combined ion exchange (CIX) process to give drinking water treatment plants a new option for multiple contaminants removal. The CIX process uses anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin in a single vessel, which enables simultaneous removal of anionic and cationic contaminants. The novel aspect of the CIX process investigated in this research was its application in a small pilot, completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) with resin recycle and resin regeneration thereby providing realistic performance data. A wide range of contaminants was tested for removal including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), calcium, strontium, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, and chloride, and sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) were compared in terms of regeneration efficiency. The key results showed 50 to 80% removal of DOC, calcium, strontium, and sulfate, and less than 30% removal of nitrate, sodium, and chloride. In general, NaCl and KHCO3 showed similar regeneration efficiency. Removal of sodium and chloride by CIX was only possible when KHCO3 was used for regeneration due to the potassium and bicarbonate counterions.
KW - Calcium
KW - DOC
KW - Groundwater
KW - Nitrate
KW - Regeneration
KW - Strontium
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U2 - 10.2166/aqua.2018.101
DO - 10.2166/aqua.2018.101
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85057975714
SN - 1606-9935
VL - 67
SP - 659
EP - 672
JO - Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA
JF - Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA
IS - 7
ER -