Remote Atomic Extension (RAE) for scalable high performance computing

Emerging data-intensive applications such as graph analytics, machine learning, and data-driven scientific computing are driving the evolution of high-performance computing (HPC) systems from monolithic to scaled-out, heterogeneous, and complex architectures. In these systems, enormous data sets are mapped to discrete nodes to improve the performance of the system by using distributed storage and computing resources. As such, these data distributions induce frequent cross-node data transactions which challenge the performance of large-scale systems. Global atomic operations are one emerging class of the remote data operations that enable lock-free remote shared data operations. However, the cross-node read-modify-write operations consist of multiple distinct data operations and specific atomicity management, which induces a large amount of overhead. As such, these global atomic operations require an efficient communication methodology Existing advanced compo-nents, such as network interface controllers, network fabrics, network-on-chip (NoC) interconnects, are architected together to improve the system performance. However, complex software infrastructures are needed to provide integration between each discrete component. As a result, the redundant software routines across distinct devices induce a large amount of overhead that causes performance degradationIn this paper, we propose a remote atomic extension (RAE) design that provides inherent ISA-level instructions and micro-architecture support for remote atomic operations based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA). We design a toolchain and evaluate the RAE infrastructure via simulation. Our experiment results show that RAE eliminates 89.71% of the redundant software instructions used for remote atomic accesses and improves the performance by 17.61% on average (up to 23.35%), compared with the OpenSHMEM.