TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship of sanitation, water boiling, and mosquito nets to health biomarkers in a rural subsistence population
AU - Dinkel, Katelyn A.
AU - Costa, Megan E.
AU - Kraft, Thomas S.
AU - Stieglitz, Jonathan
AU - Cummings, Daniel K.
AU - Gurven, Michael
AU - Kaplan, Hillard
AU - Trumble, Benjamin C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Tsimane participants, the Gran Consejo Tsimane, THLHP staff, and Dr. Megan Jehn. Support for this project came from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute on Aging (NIA) grant RF1AG054442‐01. JS acknowledges IAST funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) under grant ANR‐17‐EURE‐0010 (Investissements d'Avenir program).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Objectives: Throughout human evolutionary history, parasites and pathogens were a major cause of mortality-modern urban life with public health infrastructure has changed disease exposure. We examine associations between boiling water, using latrines, mosquito net usage, and biomarkers among the Tsimane, a nonindustrial subsistence population with little public health infrastructure. Methods: We conducted cross sectional surveys on water, latrines, and bed nets among 507 heads of households (aged 18-92 years, median age 41 years). Regression models estimated associations between behaviors and health biomarkers (ie, white blood cell count [WBC], hemoglobin, eosinophil count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, wealth, schooling, and distance to the nearby market town. Results: Latrine use is associated with 6.5% lower WBC count (β = −679.6, P =.031, SE = 314.1), 17.4% lower eosinophil counts (β = −244.7, P =.023, SE = 107.2), and reduced odds of eosinophilia (adjusted OR = 0.40, P <.019, 95% CI = 0.18-0.86). Boiling water and mosquito net use are not significantly associated with any biomarkers measured. Conclusions: In a subsistence population currently undergoing epidemiological transition, we find that latrine use was associated with several objective measures of health. This suggests that relatively low cost and low maintenance public health interventions may wish to focus on latrine use, as there is unmet need and potential health benefits for those who use latrines. Additionally, while the cost is higher, public health organizations aimed at improving sanitation may be able to use minimally invasive field-collected biomarkers as a diagnostic to objectively test the efficacy of interventions with greater specificity than anthropometric measurements.
AB - Objectives: Throughout human evolutionary history, parasites and pathogens were a major cause of mortality-modern urban life with public health infrastructure has changed disease exposure. We examine associations between boiling water, using latrines, mosquito net usage, and biomarkers among the Tsimane, a nonindustrial subsistence population with little public health infrastructure. Methods: We conducted cross sectional surveys on water, latrines, and bed nets among 507 heads of households (aged 18-92 years, median age 41 years). Regression models estimated associations between behaviors and health biomarkers (ie, white blood cell count [WBC], hemoglobin, eosinophil count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, wealth, schooling, and distance to the nearby market town. Results: Latrine use is associated with 6.5% lower WBC count (β = −679.6, P =.031, SE = 314.1), 17.4% lower eosinophil counts (β = −244.7, P =.023, SE = 107.2), and reduced odds of eosinophilia (adjusted OR = 0.40, P <.019, 95% CI = 0.18-0.86). Boiling water and mosquito net use are not significantly associated with any biomarkers measured. Conclusions: In a subsistence population currently undergoing epidemiological transition, we find that latrine use was associated with several objective measures of health. This suggests that relatively low cost and low maintenance public health interventions may wish to focus on latrine use, as there is unmet need and potential health benefits for those who use latrines. Additionally, while the cost is higher, public health organizations aimed at improving sanitation may be able to use minimally invasive field-collected biomarkers as a diagnostic to objectively test the efficacy of interventions with greater specificity than anthropometric measurements.
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U2 - 10.1002/ajhb.23356
DO - 10.1002/ajhb.23356
M3 - Article
C2 - 31821682
AN - SCOPUS:85076348364
SN - 1042-0533
VL - 32
JO - American Journal of Human Biology
JF - American Journal of Human Biology
IS - 1
M1 - e23356
ER -