Abstract
Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 574-584 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | IUCrJ |
| Volume | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- FELs
- Megahertz repetition rates
- X-ray FEL pulse trains
- X-ray free-electron lasers
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Chemistry(all)
- Biochemistry
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
Cite this
Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs. / Wiedorn, Max O.; Awel, Salah; Morgan, Andrew J.; Ayyer, Kartik; Gevorkov, Yaroslav; Fleckenstein, Holger; Roth, Nils; Adriano, Luigi; Bean, Richard; Beyerlein, Kenneth R.; Chen, Joe; Coe, Jesse; Cruz-Mazo, Francisco; Ekeberg, Tomas; Graceffa, Rita; Heymann, Michael; Horke, Daniel A.; Knoška, Juraj; Mariani, Valerio; Nazari, Reza; Oberthür, Dominik; Samanta, Amit K.; Sierra, Raymond G.; Stan, Claudiu A.; Yefanov, Oleksandr; Rompotis, Dimitrios; Correa, Jonathan; Erk, Benjamin; Treusch, Rolf; Schulz, Joachim; Hogue, Brenda; Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M.; Fromme, Petra; Küpper, Jochen; Rode, Andrei V.; Bajt, Saša; Kirian, Richard; Chapman, Henry N.
In: IUCrJ, Vol. 5, 01.01.2018, p. 574-584.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapid sample delivery for megahertz serial crystallography at X-ray FELs
AU - Wiedorn, Max O.
AU - Awel, Salah
AU - Morgan, Andrew J.
AU - Ayyer, Kartik
AU - Gevorkov, Yaroslav
AU - Fleckenstein, Holger
AU - Roth, Nils
AU - Adriano, Luigi
AU - Bean, Richard
AU - Beyerlein, Kenneth R.
AU - Chen, Joe
AU - Coe, Jesse
AU - Cruz-Mazo, Francisco
AU - Ekeberg, Tomas
AU - Graceffa, Rita
AU - Heymann, Michael
AU - Horke, Daniel A.
AU - Knoška, Juraj
AU - Mariani, Valerio
AU - Nazari, Reza
AU - Oberthür, Dominik
AU - Samanta, Amit K.
AU - Sierra, Raymond G.
AU - Stan, Claudiu A.
AU - Yefanov, Oleksandr
AU - Rompotis, Dimitrios
AU - Correa, Jonathan
AU - Erk, Benjamin
AU - Treusch, Rolf
AU - Schulz, Joachim
AU - Hogue, Brenda
AU - Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M.
AU - Fromme, Petra
AU - Küpper, Jochen
AU - Rode, Andrei V.
AU - Bajt, Saša
AU - Kirian, Richard
AU - Chapman, Henry N.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
AB - Liquid microjets are a common means of delivering protein crystals to the focus of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) for serial femtosecond crystallography measurements. The high X-ray intensity in the focus initiates an explosion of the microjet and sample. With the advent of X-ray FELs with megahertz rates, the typical velocities of these jets must be increased significantly in order to replenish the damaged material in time for the subsequent measurement with the next X-ray pulse. This work reports the results of a megahertz serial diffraction experiment at the FLASH FEL facility using 4.3 nm radiation. The operation of gas-dynamic nozzles that produce liquid microjets with velocities greater than 80 m s-1 was demonstrated. Furthermore, this article provides optical images of X-ray-induced explosions together with Bragg diffraction from protein microcrystals exposed to trains of X-ray pulses repeating at rates of up to 4.5 MHz. The results indicate the feasibility for megahertz serial crystallography measurements with hard X-rays and give guidance for the design of such experiments.
KW - FELs
KW - Megahertz repetition rates
KW - X-ray FEL pulse trains
KW - X-ray free-electron lasers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053126221&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85053126221&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1107/S2052252518008369
DO - 10.1107/S2052252518008369
M3 - Article
VL - 5
SP - 574
EP - 584
JO - IUCrJ
JF - IUCrJ
SN - 2052-2525
ER -