@article{48dcd9fd59fe46a2b340bdf844832c4c,
title = "Quantitative measurement of nanoscale electrostatic potentials and charges using off-axis electron holography: Developments and opportunities",
abstract = "Off-axis electron holography has evolved into a powerful electron-microscopy-based technique for characterizing electromagnetic fields with nanometer-scale resolution. In this paper, we present a review of the application of off-axis electron holography to the quantitative measurement of electrostatic potentials and charge density distributions. We begin with a short overview of the theoretical and experimental basis of the technique. Practical aspects of phase imaging, sample preparation and microscope operation are outlined briefly. Applications of off-axis electron holography to a wide range of materials are then described in more detail. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for electron holography investigations of electrostatic fields and charge density distributions are presented.",
keywords = "Electrical biasing, Electrostatic potentials, Fringing fields, Off-axis electron holography, Phase imaging, Polarization fields",
author = "Martha McCartney and Dunin-Borkowski, {Rafal E.} and David Smith",
note = "Funding Information: M.R.M. and D.J.S are pleased to acknowledge Suk Chung, David Cullen, Zhaofeng Gan, Myung-Geun Han, Jing Li, Luying Li, and Lin Zhou for their contributions to some of the off-axis electron holography studies described here. R.D.-B. thanks Vadim Migunov, Fengshan Zheng, Giulio Pozzi, Amir H. Tavabi, Lionel C. Gontard, Marco Beleggia, Andrew London, Michael Farle, Tom F. Kelly, David Cooper, Alison Twitchett-Harrison and Paul A. Midgley for past and ongoing collaborations. M.R.M. and D.J.S. are grateful for funding from DOE Grant DE-FG02-04ER46168 . R.D.-B. is grateful for funding from the European Union through the Marie Curie Initial Training Network SIMDALEE2 (Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) grant no. 606998 under FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN ), from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the framework of the SFB 917 project “Nanoswitches{"}, from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a Deutsch-Israelische Projektkooperation (DIP) Grant and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Q-SORT (grant no. 766970 under H2020-FETOPEN-2016-2017 ). We acknowledge the use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy in Arizona State University and the Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons in Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich. Finally, we express our deep admiration and sincere appreciation to Hannes Lichte for his inspiration, encouragement, and invaluable contributions to the field of electron holography across the years. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019",
year = "2019",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.01.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "203",
pages = "105--118",
journal = "Ultramicroscopy",
issn = "0304-3991",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}