Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Paul T. Reidy; Michael S. Borack; Melissa M. Markofski; Jared Dickinson; Rachel R. Deer; Syed H. Husaini; Dillon K. Walker; Sherry Igbinigie; Shay M. Robertson; Mark B. Cope; Ratna Mukherjea; Janine M. Hall-Porter; Kristofer Jennings; Elena Volpi; Blake B. Rasmussen

doi:10.3945/jn.116.231803

Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Paul T. Reidy, Michael S. Borack, Melissa M. Markofski, Jared Dickinson, Rachel R. Deer, Syed H. Husaini, Dillon K. Walker, Sherry Igbinigie, Shay M. Robertson, Mark B. Cope, Ratna Mukherjea, Janine M. Hall-Porter, Kristofer Jennings, Elena Volpi, Blake B. Rasmussen

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Abstract

Background: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study. Objective: Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18-30 y; BMI (in kg/m²): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60-80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n 5 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n 5 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n 5 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET. Results: All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P 5 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: 20.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: 20.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered. Conclusions: PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1660-1669
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Nutrition
Volume	146
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.231803
State	Published - 2016

Keywords

Animal proteins
Function
Milk proteins
Muscle mass
Plant protein
Strength training
Weight training

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Nutrition and Dietetics

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10.3945/jn.116.231803

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Reidy, P. T., Borack, M. S., Markofski, M. M., Dickinson, J., Deer, R. R., Husaini, S. H., Walker, D. K., Igbinigie, S., Robertson, S. M., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Hall-Porter, J. M., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2016). Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Journal of Nutrition, 146(9), 1660-1669. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.231803

Reidy, PT, Borack, MS, Markofski, MM, Dickinson, J, Deer, RR, Husaini, SH, Walker, DK, Igbinigie, S, Robertson, SM, Cope, MB, Mukherjea, R, Hall-Porter, JM, Jennings, K, Volpi, E & Rasmussen, BB 2016, 'Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial', Journal of Nutrition, vol. 146, no. 9, pp. 1660-1669. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.231803

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title = "Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial",

abstract = "Background: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study. Objective: Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18-30 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60-80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n 5 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n 5 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n 5 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET. Results: All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P 5 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: 20.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: 20.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered. Conclusions: PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.",

keywords = "Animal proteins, Function, Milk proteins, Muscle mass, Plant protein, Strength training, Weight training",

author = "Reidy, {Paul T.} and Borack, {Michael S.} and Markofski, {Melissa M.} and Jared Dickinson and Deer, {Rachel R.} and Husaini, {Syed H.} and Walker, {Dillon K.} and Sherry Igbinigie and Robertson, {Shay M.} and Cope, {Mark B.} and Ratna Mukherjea and Hall-Porter, {Janine M.} and Kristofer Jennings and Elena Volpi and Rasmussen, {Blake B.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 American Society for Nutrition.",

year = "2016",

doi = "10.3945/jn.116.231803",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "146",

pages = "1660--1669",

journal = "Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "0022-3166",

publisher = "American Society for Nutrition",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men

T2 - A double-blind randomized clinical trial

AU - Reidy, Paul T.

AU - Borack, Michael S.

AU - Markofski, Melissa M.

AU - Dickinson, Jared

AU - Deer, Rachel R.

AU - Husaini, Syed H.

AU - Walker, Dillon K.

AU - Igbinigie, Sherry

AU - Robertson, Shay M.

AU - Cope, Mark B.

AU - Mukherjea, Ratna

AU - Hall-Porter, Janine M.

AU - Jennings, Kristofer

AU - Volpi, Elena

AU - Rasmussen, Blake B.

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Background: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study. Objective: Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18-30 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60-80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n 5 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n 5 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n 5 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET. Results: All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P 5 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: 20.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: 20.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered. Conclusions: PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.

AB - Background: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study. Objective: Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18-30 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60-80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n 5 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n 5 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n 5 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET. Results: All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P 5 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: 20.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: 20.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered. Conclusions: PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.

KW - Animal proteins

KW - Function

KW - Milk proteins

KW - Muscle mass

KW - Plant protein

KW - Strength training

KW - Weight training

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Protein supplementation has minimal effects on muscle adaptations during resistance exercise training in young men: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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