Principal component analysis to investigate the effect of BIM use on AEC project changes

Building information modeling (BIM) is a process that has the potential to positively impact the performance of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects. Previous studies showed the quantitative performance benefits of BIM from a general perspective. This paper aims to build upon the previous studies and investigate the effect of BIM Uses on a specific key project performance metric: project change. BIM Uses include visualization, clash detection, code checking, early coordination between stakeholders, and others. The research methodology includes conducting a principal component analysis (PCA) on a dataset of 34 completed vertical construction projects. A new input, the BIM Use Score, was created through PCA and was used to test if increased BIM Use actually affects project change metrics. Interesting results emerged from the analysis, including: (1) the lack of relationship between BIM Use and the extent of project change, and (2) a potential correlation between BIM Use and the project change initiators. Increased BIM Use seems to result in less design changes but more owner changes. The findings of this study provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact BIM Use can (or cannot) have on project performance, ultimately helping project stakeholders decide how to most effectively use BIM on their projects.