Phasor Measurement Units Optimal Placement and Performance Limits for Fault Localization

TY - JOUR

T1 - Phasor Measurement Units Optimal Placement and Performance Limits for Fault Localization

AU - Jamei, Mahdi

AU - Ramakrishna, Raksha

AU - Tesfay, Teklemariam

AU - Gentz, Reinhard

AU - Roberts, Ciaran

AU - Scaglione, Anna

AU - Peisert, Sean

PY - 2019/1/1

Y1 - 2019/1/1

N2 - In this paper, the performance limits of faults localization are investigated using synchrophasor data. The focus is on a non-trivial operating regime where the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) sensors available is insufficient to have full observability of the grid state. Proposed analysis uses the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between the distributions corresponding to different fault location hypotheses associated with the observation model. This analysis shows that the most likely locations are concentrated in clusters of buses more tightly connected to the actual fault site akin to graph communities. Consequently, a PMU placement strategy is derived that achieves a near-optimal resolution for localizing faults for a given number of sensors. The problem is also analyzed from the perspective of sampling a graph signal, and how the placement of the PMUs i.e. the spatial sampling pattern and the topological characteristic of the grid affect the ability to successfully localize faults. To highlight the superior performance of presented fault localization and placement algorithms, the proposed strategy is applied to a modified IEEE 34, IEEE-123 bus test cases and to data from a real distribution grid. Additionally, the detection of cyberphysical attacks is also examined where PMU data and relevant Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) network traffic information are compared to determine if a network breach has affected the integrity of the system information and/or operations.

AB - In this paper, the performance limits of faults localization are investigated using synchrophasor data. The focus is on a non-trivial operating regime where the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) sensors available is insufficient to have full observability of the grid state. Proposed analysis uses the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between the distributions corresponding to different fault location hypotheses associated with the observation model. This analysis shows that the most likely locations are concentrated in clusters of buses more tightly connected to the actual fault site akin to graph communities. Consequently, a PMU placement strategy is derived that achieves a near-optimal resolution for localizing faults for a given number of sensors. The problem is also analyzed from the perspective of sampling a graph signal, and how the placement of the PMUs i.e. the spatial sampling pattern and the topological characteristic of the grid affect the ability to successfully localize faults. To highlight the superior performance of presented fault localization and placement algorithms, the proposed strategy is applied to a modified IEEE 34, IEEE-123 bus test cases and to data from a real distribution grid. Additionally, the detection of cyberphysical attacks is also examined where PMU data and relevant Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) network traffic information are compared to determine if a network breach has affected the integrity of the system information and/or operations.

KW - Cluster Detection

KW - Cyber-Physical Security

KW - Fault Location

KW - Identification

KW - Intrusion Detection

KW - Optimal PMU Placement

KW - Phasor Measurement Units

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U2 - 10.1109/JSAC.2019.2951971

DO - 10.1109/JSAC.2019.2951971

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85074818673

JO - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

JF - IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

SN - 0733-8716

ER -