Abstract
Wireless channel data was collected in Cambridge, Massachusetts for diverse propagation environments over distances ranging from tens of meters to several kilometers using mobile 2.4-GHz transmitters and receivers. The 20-MHz bandwidth signals from eight individually movable van-top antennas were Nyquist sampled simultaneously with 12-bit accuracy. Although path-loss variance for any given link length within single residential/urban neighborhoods was large, single streets typically exhibited path-loss, L(dB) = -10 log10(P r/Pt) ≅ 10αlog10r ± C, where P is the received or transmitted power, r the link-length, the street-dependent path-loss coefficient, and C the loss incurred at street intersections. Measurements yielded α ≅ 1.5±3.2β±0.27 for 2<α<5;β is the fraction of the street length having a building gap on either side. Experiments over links as short as 100 meters indicate a 10-dB advantage in estimating path loss for this model compared to optimal linear estimators based on link length alone. Measured air-to-ground links were well modeled by α =2 for the elevated LOS path, and by stochastic log-normal attenuation for the ground-level scattering environment. These models permit path-loss predictions based on readily accessible environmental parameters, and lead to efficient nodal placement strategies for full urban coverage.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Article number | 5325795 |
Pages (from-to) | 171-177 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation |
Volume | 58 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 2010 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Attenuation
- Communication channels
- Data models
- Fading channels
- Microwave propagation
- Multipath channels
- Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems
- Propagation
- Statistics
- Urban areas
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering