Participatory planning a view of tourism in Indonesia

His research interests include tourism planning in developing countries, political boundaries and tourism, personal and community heritage, and shopping tourism Most of the planning literature dealing with tourism focuses on what should be done in developing this industry at the expense of providing an understanding of what is actually being pursued and what can be done given a destination's local conditions. This study presents a normative model of participatory planning principles, which originates in the Western literature. This model is used to investigate what is actually being done in tourism planning in one developing destination, and examines the local constraints upon many of the principles re commended by researchers. Some of the participatory principles are practiced, but others are not. Local sociocultural and economic conditions are constraints in the principles recommended in the model.