@article{c134604b80874a42bdbad867633b39f8,
title = "Palermo at 20: A Retrospective and Prospective",
author = "Go{\'z}dziak, {El{\.z}bieta M.} and Vogel, {Kathleen M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The Palermo Protocol was a result of two years of negotiations at the UN Centre for International Crime Prevention in Vienna. The Protocol was the target of heavy lobbying by religious and feminist organizations, on the one hand, and human rights advocates, on the other hand. These two groups represented two opposing views of prostitution. The Human Rights Caucus saw prostitution as legitimate labor, while the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW), representing religious and feminist activists, saw all prostitution as a violation of women{\textquoteright}s human rights (Doezema, ). The Coalition argued that trafficking should include all forms of recruitment and transportation for prostitution, regardless of whether force or deception took place (Goldscheider, ). Meanwhile, the Human Rights Caucus, which supported the view of consensual prostitution as work, argued that force or deception was a necessary ingredient in the definition of human trafficking. The Caucus also maintained that the term “human trafficking” should include trafficking of women, men, and children for different types of labor, including forced sweatshop labor, agriculture, and prostitution (Human Rights Caucus, ). The Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW) also made a distinction between forced prostitution and voluntary sex work. GAATW called for decriminalization of prostitution and argued that anti-trafficking efforts must focus on forced prostitution and other forms of abuse and exploitation. GAATW{\textquoteright}s position was supported by the International Committee for Prostitutes{\textquoteright} Rights (ICPR). ",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "14",
doi = "10.1080/23322705.2020.1690117",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "6",
pages = "109--118",
journal = "Journal of Human Trafficking",
issn = "2332-2705",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "2",
}