@article{8ab6a62b94444c53a296b8f3a1db0458,
title = "Outdoor annual algae productivity improvements at the pre-pilot scale through crop rotation and pond operational management strategies",
abstract = "The Development of Integrated Screening, Cultivar Optimization, and Verification Research (DISCOVR) collaborative consortium operated pre-pilot scale outdoor ponds to deliver much-needed multi-year, long-term and consistent, algae cultivation data relevant to understanding the current state of technology in terms of expected seasonal algae biomass productivity. Over the course of four years from 2018 to 2021, twelve identical 4.2 m2 mini-ponds were run in triplicate sets to test strains and operational strategies demonstrated in small-, indoor photobioreactors, in pursuit of increasing overall algae areal productivity and projected farm yield. Fourteen different cultivars derived from a strain screening pipeline were tested. Through deliberate seasonal crop rotation and improvements in operational strategies, annual biomass productivity increased from 11.6 to 17.6 g m−2 day−1, a > 50 % increase over the 2018 baseline. Both brackish and marine strains were included and four out of the fourteen strains consistently yielded high productivity across multiple years; brackish strains Monoraphidium minutum (26BAM) and Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX393), and marine strains Tetraselmis striata (LANL1001) and Picochlorum celeri (TG2). These freely available datasets, which represent nearly complete annual daily coverage of cultivation metrics including weather, pond temperature and pH, nutrients, and productivity, are unique in the public domain and seek to fill agronomic and operational knowledge gaps to help in the eventual commercialization of algal biofuels and bioproducts.",
keywords = "Algae cultivation, Crop rotation, Long-term, Outdoor raceway ponds, Productivity",
author = "John McGowen and Knoshaug, {Eric P.} and Laurens, {Lieve M.L.} and Jessica Forrester",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the efforts of all of the people involved in running the ponds and gathering data during the cultivation campaigns at the AzCATI site especially, Henri Gerken and Mark Seger for strain QA/QC development, pest isolations, and crash assay development, Madison Clar and Clara Missman for culture scale up and strain QA/QC, Richard Malloy for outdoor testbed site supervision, Kate Cuprak and Jason Potts for outdoor cultivation operations, Mauricio Gonzales for crash assay execution, and Aaron Geels for strain QA/QC and microscopy. The authors would also like to acknowledge Paige Norris for help in data compilation and providing input to the introduction, and the Algae Analytical Team at NREL; Stefanie Van Wychen, Bonnie Panzcak, Hannah Alt, and Alicia Sowell for the biomass compositional analyses. The DISCOVR consortium is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office. This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, as part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office, under agreement number NL0032175. Additional funding was provided as part of the Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership (ATP3) project (Award No. DE-EE0005996) and Rewiring Algal Carbon Energetics for Renewables (RACER) project, WBS 1.3.5.270 (Agreement No. NL32697). The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Funding Information: Additional funding was provided as part of the Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership (ATP 3 ) project (Award No. DE-EE0005996 ) and Rewiring Algal Carbon Energetics for Renewables (RACER) project, WBS 1.3.5.270 (Agreement No. NL32697 ). The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Funding Information: The DISCOVR consortium is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office . This work was authored in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, as part of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office , under agreement number NL0032175 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.algal.2023.102995",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "70",
journal = "Algal Research",
issn = "2211-9264",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}