TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing green space locations to reduce daytime and nighttime urban heat island effects in Phoenix, Arizona
AU - Zhang, Yujia
AU - Murray, Alan T.
AU - Turner, B. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research program (NSF Grant No. BCS-1026865), the Decision Center for a Desert City (NSF Grant No. SES-0951366), National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. SES-0951366, NSF DNS Grant No. 1419593 and USDA NIFA Grant No. 2015-67003-23508, the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability. The research was undertaken in the Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Lab, Arizona State University. We thank for the valuable inputs from Dr. Anthony Brazel and our reviewers.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - The urban heat island effect is especially significant in semi-arid climates, generating a myriad of problems for large urban areas. Green space can mitigate warming, providing cooling benefits important to reducing energy consumption and improving human health. The arrangement of green space to reap the full potential of cooling benefits is a challenge, especially considering the diurnal variations of urban heat island effects. Surprisingly, methods that support the strategic placement of green space in the context of urban heat island are lacking. Integrating geographic information systems, remote sensing, spatial statistics and spatial optimization, we developed a framework to identify the best locations and configuration of new green space with respect to cooling benefits. The developed multi-objective model is applied to evaluate the diurnal cooling trade-offs in Phoenix, Arizona. As a result of optimal green space placement, significant cooling potentials can be achieved. A reduction of land surface temperature of approximately 1–2 °C locally and 0.5 °C regionally can be achieved by the addition of new green space. 96% of potential day and night cooling benefits can be achieved through simultaneous consideration. The results also demonstrate that clustered green space enhances local cooling because of the agglomeration effect; whereas, dispersed patterns lead to greater overall regional cooling. The optimization based framework can effectively inform planning decisions with regard to green space allocation to best ameliorate excessive heat.
AB - The urban heat island effect is especially significant in semi-arid climates, generating a myriad of problems for large urban areas. Green space can mitigate warming, providing cooling benefits important to reducing energy consumption and improving human health. The arrangement of green space to reap the full potential of cooling benefits is a challenge, especially considering the diurnal variations of urban heat island effects. Surprisingly, methods that support the strategic placement of green space in the context of urban heat island are lacking. Integrating geographic information systems, remote sensing, spatial statistics and spatial optimization, we developed a framework to identify the best locations and configuration of new green space with respect to cooling benefits. The developed multi-objective model is applied to evaluate the diurnal cooling trade-offs in Phoenix, Arizona. As a result of optimal green space placement, significant cooling potentials can be achieved. A reduction of land surface temperature of approximately 1–2 °C locally and 0.5 °C regionally can be achieved by the addition of new green space. 96% of potential day and night cooling benefits can be achieved through simultaneous consideration. The results also demonstrate that clustered green space enhances local cooling because of the agglomeration effect; whereas, dispersed patterns lead to greater overall regional cooling. The optimization based framework can effectively inform planning decisions with regard to green space allocation to best ameliorate excessive heat.
KW - Climate change mitigation
KW - Environmental services trade-offs
KW - Green space cooling
KW - Location optimization
KW - Urban heat island
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U2 - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.04.009
DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.04.009
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85020057755
SN - 0169-2046
VL - 165
SP - 162
EP - 171
JO - Landscape and Urban Planning
JF - Landscape and Urban Planning
ER -