TY - JOUR
T1 - Operational Limits of Redox Metal Oxides Performing Thermochemical Water Splitting
AU - Bayon, Alicia
AU - de la Calle, Alberto
AU - Stechel, Ellen B.
AU - Muhich, Christopher
N1 - Funding Information:
A.B. and C.M. gratefully acknowledge partial financial support for this work by ARPA‐E via the DAYS program through contract no. DE‐AR0000991. A.B. was partially funded by ASU LightWorks. E.B.S. and A.C. gratefully acknowledge research and funding support from the HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials Consortium, established as part of the Energy Materials Network under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under award nos. DE‐EE0008090 and DE–EE0008991, respectively. ®
Funding Information:
A.B. and C.M. gratefully acknowledge partial financial support for this work by ARPA-E via the DAYS program through contract no. DE-AR0000991. A.B. was partially funded by ASU LightWorks?. E.B.S. and A.C. gratefully acknowledge research and funding support from the HydroGEN Advanced Water Splitting Materials Consortium, established as part of the Energy Materials Network under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under award nos. DE-EE0008090 and DE?EE0008991, respectively.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is an attractive technology that stores intermittent solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. Efficient operation requires the identification of a redox-active metal oxide (MOx) material that can achieve high conversion of water to hydrogen at minimal energy input. Water splitting occurs by consecutive reduction and reoxidation reactions of MOx. MOx is reduced to MOx−δ and, in the second step, is reoxidized by water recovering the initial MOx and generate H2. The material must reduce at temperatures achievable in concentrated solar receiver/reactors, while maintaining a thermodynamic driving force to split water. At equilibrium, extent of reduction depends on temperature and oxygen partial pressure, and in this analysis, a set of thermodynamic properties, namely, enthalpy and entropy of oxygen vacancy formation, is sufficient to represent MOx. Herein, a method to easily classify materials based on these thermodynamic properties under any condition of oxygen partial pressure and temperature is presented. This method is based on fundamental thermodynamic principles and is applicable for any redox material with known thermodynamic properties. Despite the simplicity of the method, it is believed that this analysis will support future research in targeting thermodynamic properties of redox-active metal oxides.
AB - Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is an attractive technology that stores intermittent solar energy in the form of chemical bonds. Efficient operation requires the identification of a redox-active metal oxide (MOx) material that can achieve high conversion of water to hydrogen at minimal energy input. Water splitting occurs by consecutive reduction and reoxidation reactions of MOx. MOx is reduced to MOx−δ and, in the second step, is reoxidized by water recovering the initial MOx and generate H2. The material must reduce at temperatures achievable in concentrated solar receiver/reactors, while maintaining a thermodynamic driving force to split water. At equilibrium, extent of reduction depends on temperature and oxygen partial pressure, and in this analysis, a set of thermodynamic properties, namely, enthalpy and entropy of oxygen vacancy formation, is sufficient to represent MOx. Herein, a method to easily classify materials based on these thermodynamic properties under any condition of oxygen partial pressure and temperature is presented. This method is based on fundamental thermodynamic principles and is applicable for any redox material with known thermodynamic properties. Despite the simplicity of the method, it is believed that this analysis will support future research in targeting thermodynamic properties of redox-active metal oxides.
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U2 - 10.1002/ente.202100222
DO - 10.1002/ente.202100222
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108591786
VL - 10
JO - Energy Technology
JF - Energy Technology
SN - 2194-4288
IS - 1
M1 - 2100222
ER -