Oncolytic virotherapy for small-cell lung cancer induces immune infiltration and prolongs survival

Patrick Kellish, Daniil Shabashvili, Masmudur M. Rahman, Akbar Nawab, Maria V. Guijarro, Min Zhang, Chunxia Cao, Nissin Moussatche, Theresa Boyle, Scott Antonia, Mary Reinhard, Connor Hartzell, Michael Jantz, Hiren J. Mehta, Grant McFadden, Frederic J. Kaye, Maria Zajac-Kaye

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

34 Scopus citations

Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy has been proposed as an ablative and immunostimulatory treatment strategy for solid tumors that are resistant to immunotherapy alone; however, there is a need to optimize host immune activation using preclinical immunocompetent models in previously untested common adult tumors. We studied a modified oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) that shows high efficiency for tumor-specific cytotoxicity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), a neuroendocrine carcinoma with high mortality and modest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Using an immunocompetent SCLC mouse model, we demonstrated the safety of intrapulmonary MYXV delivery with efficient tumor-specific viral replication and cytotoxicity associated with induction of immune cell infiltration. We observed increased SCLC survival following intrapulmonary MYXV that was enhanced by combined low-dose cisplatin. We also tested intratumoral MYXV delivery and observed immune cell infiltration associated with tumor necrosis and growth inhibition in syngeneic murine allograft tumors. Freshly collected primary human SCLC tumor cells were permissive to MYXV and intratumoral delivery into patient-derived xenografts resulted in extensive tumor necrosis. We confirmed MYXV cytotoxicity in classic and variant SCLC subtypes as well as cisplatin-resistant cells. Data from 26 SCLC human patients showed negligible immune cell infiltration, supporting testing MYXV as an ablative and immune-enhancing therapy.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2279-2292
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation
Volume129
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 3 2019

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Oncolytic virotherapy for small-cell lung cancer induces immune infiltration and prolongs survival'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this