Novel high-performance Ga₂Te₃anodes for Li-ion batteries

The development of high-capacity and high-power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a key challenge to meet the increasing demand for advanced mobile electronics and electric vehicles. A novel high-capacity and high-power Ga₂Te₃anode material for LIBs, which exhibits a distinctive reaction mechanism with Li ions, has been introduced in this study. Two types of Ga₂Te₃/C composite were preparedviadifferent synthetic routes, namely carbon thermal decomposition (TD) and high-energy ball milling (BM), to improve the electrochemical performance of Ga₂Te₃anodes, and their electrochemical performances were compared. The electrochemical evaluation results indicate that the Ga₂Te₃/C composite produced by BM (BM-Ga₂Te₃/C) showed better electrochemical performance by delivering much smaller Ga₂Te₃nanocrystallites than the Ga₂Te₃/C composite produced by TD (TD-Ga₂Te₃/C). Furthermore, the BM-Ga₂Te₃/C anode showed a highly reversible initial volumetric capacity (1245 mA h cm⁻³), stable capacity retention (93.2% after 500 cycles), and excellent high-rate performance (∼1000 mA h cm⁻³at 1C after 500 cycles). These high electrochemical performances, which were demonstratedvia ex situanalyses, were attained by a unique three-step nano-confinement process of Ga₂Te₃in BM-Ga₂Te₃/C. Thus, this study provides a new material development strategy of employing mechano- and electro-chemical nano-confinement processes to develop high-performance anodes for LIBs.