@inproceedings{9d86aacdf09442f6b31cc40684055f78,
title = "Non-vacuum electroplated al for n-side electrode in Si solar cells",
abstract = "This paper reports Al electroplating on a Si substrate using a room-temperature ionic liquid for the metallization of Si solar cells. The ionic liquid electrolyte was prepared by mixing anhydrous AlCl3 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate ([EMIM]AlCl4). The plating process was carried out in a dry nitrogen box. A sacrificial Al anode was employed, making the electrolyte reusable for many deposition runs. The sheet resistance of the Al deposits was investigated to reveal the effects of pre-bake conditions, deposition temperature, and post-deposition annealing conditions. It was found that dense and adherent Al deposits with low electrical resistivity can be obtained directly on Si substrates over a wide range of temperatures using galvanostic deposition. The resistivity of the Al deposits was in the high 10-6 ω-cm range, similar to that of screen-printed Ag. The maximum process temperature for electroplated Al was 350°C. An all-Al Si solar cell, with an electroplated Al front electrode and a screen-printed Al back electrode, has been demonstrated, and its optimization and characterization will be reported soon.",
keywords = "aluminum, electroplating, metallization, silicon solar cell",
author = "Sun, {Wen Cheng} and Xiaofei Han and Haifeng Zhang and Tracy, {Clarence J.} and Meng Tao",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.; 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014 ; Conference date: 08-06-2014 Through 13-06-2014",
year = "2014",
month = oct,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1109/PVSC.2014.6925446",
language = "English (US)",
series = "2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "2533--2537",
booktitle = "2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2014",
}