Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-b) family of secreted proteins are present in all multicellular animals. TGF-b proteins are versatile intercellular signalling molecules that orchestrate cell fate decisions during development and maintain homeostasis in adults. The Smad family of signal transducers implements TGF-β signals in responsive cells. Given the ability of TGF-β ligands to induce dramatic responses in target cells, numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to prevent unintended consequences. Here we review new reports of extracellular and post-translational regulation in Drosophila and vertebrates. Extracellular topics include the regulation of TGF-β signalling range and the coordination between tissue morphogenesis and TGF-β signalling. Post-translational topics include the regulation of TGF-β signal transduction by Gsk3-β phosphorylation of Smads and by cycles of Smad mono-and deubiquitylation. Extension of the ubiquitylation data to the Hippo pathway is also discussed.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 11-19 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Biochemistry |
Volume | 154 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2013 |
Keywords
- BMP
- Smad
- facilitated transport
- phosphorylation
- ubiquitylation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology