Nano-XRF Analysis of Metal Impurities Distribution at PL Active Grain Boundaries during mc-Silicon Solar Cell Processing

Engineering & Materials Science

• Photoluminescence 100%
• Silicon solar cells 83%
• Grain boundaries 62%
• Impurities 59%
• Energy gap 52%
• Metals 39%
• Solar cells 32%
• Fluorescence imaging 25%
• Synchrotrons 20%
• Silicon wafers 18%
• Leakage currents 16%
• Broadcasting 15%
• X rays 13%
• Coatings 11%

Physics & Astronomy

• solar cells 45%
• grain boundaries 45%
• photoluminescence 43%
• impurities 40%
• metals 31%
• acquisition 13%
• synchrotrons 13%
• manufacturing 12%
• leakage 12%
• wafers 11%
• fluorescence 11%
• coatings 10%
• silicon 8%
• x rays 6%
• performance 6%

Chemical Compounds

• Grain Boundary 63%
• Solar Cell 53%
• Photoluminescence 47%
• Metal 27%
• Leakage Current 20%
• Decoration 17%
• Coating Agent 9%
• Fluorescence 8%