@article{ac2957c5f2104fa881e0d7f3068571fd,
title = "Music and mindfulness meditation: Comparing four music stimuli composed under similar principles",
abstract = "Mindfulness meditation has frequently used sound and music as an important component. However, research on effective music stimuli is scarce. After a series of studies evaluating the most effective, useful, and preferred auditory stimuli, we were interested in exploring whether these effective musical features were transferred to new music. In this study, we evaluate our original music stimuli with three new stimuli composed under similar principles. Non-musician and musician participants (N = 114) in a multisite study evaluated their mindfulness state after listening to four music stimuli, and rated their usefulness and preference. Results from a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at each site indicated no significant difference in mindfulness effectiveness. Friedman{\textquoteright}s ANOVAs for the usefulness of the music stimuli showed similar non-significant results in both sites. A mixed model among sites did not show significant differences among groups. Preference rankings were not significantly different for non-musicians, but musicians did show a statistically significant preference of the Original stimuli over Stimulus 2, probably due to sound quality. These results indicate the feasibility of transferring previously researched and effective musical features to new stimuli. Identifying the effective “active ingredients” of music interventions may be one way of supporting evidence-based practice in music therapy.",
keywords = "listening, mindfulness, music therapy, preference, similarity",
author = "Eugenia Hernandez-Ruiz and Dvorak, {Abbey L.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Dr Don Homa, Dr Mike Vitevitch, and Grace Hawkinson Jolly for assistance with SONA; Dr Scott Murphy and Dr Brad Osborn for their assistance with musician recruitment; graduate research assistants Ruowen (Viola) Qi and Halle Nick; students in the music psychology courses who served as data collectors; student composers Celeste Alderete, Zachary N. Frieze, Kirstin K. Georgeson, Jessica Kunst, Anthony Martin, Raquel Medina, Tamieka Melancon, Madeline Peterson, Tianna M. Smith, and Mitchell Weeks; and all the musicians and non-musicians who participated in this study. This study was completed while Dr Abbey Dvorak was an associate professor at the University of Kansas. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding was provided by the School of Music, Herberger Institute of Design and the Arts, Arizona State University (Faculty Research Start-up funds), and the University of Kansas General Research Fund allocation #2279091. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding was provided by the School of Music, Herberger Institute of Design and the Arts, Arizona State University (Faculty Research Start-up funds), and the University of Kansas General Research Fund allocation #2279091. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020.",
year = "2021",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1177/0305735620969798",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "49",
pages = "1620--1636",
journal = "Psychology of Music",
issn = "0305-7356",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "6",
}