TY - JOUR
T1 - Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes
AU - Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.
AU - Nemanich, Robert J.
AU - Inman, Alfred O.
AU - Wang, Yunyu Y.
AU - Riviere, Jim E.
PY - 2005/3/15
Y1 - 2005/3/15
N2 - Carbon nanotubes have widespread applications in multiple engineering disciplines. However, little is known about the toxicity or interaction of these particles with cells. Carbon nanotube films were grown using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/ml of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. HEK were examined by transmission electron microscopy for the presence of MWCNT. Here we report that chemically unmodified MWCNT were present within cytoplasmic vacuoles of the HEK at all time points. The MWCNT also induced the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 from HEKs in a time dependent manner. These data clearly show that MWCNT, not derivatized nor optimized for biological applications, are capable of both localizing within and initiating an irritation response in a target epithelial cell that composes a primary route of occupational exposure for manufactured nanotubes.
AB - Carbon nanotubes have widespread applications in multiple engineering disciplines. However, little is known about the toxicity or interaction of these particles with cells. Carbon nanotube films were grown using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/ml of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. HEK were examined by transmission electron microscopy for the presence of MWCNT. Here we report that chemically unmodified MWCNT were present within cytoplasmic vacuoles of the HEK at all time points. The MWCNT also induced the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 8 from HEKs in a time dependent manner. These data clearly show that MWCNT, not derivatized nor optimized for biological applications, are capable of both localizing within and initiating an irritation response in a target epithelial cell that composes a primary route of occupational exposure for manufactured nanotubes.
KW - Human epidermal keratinocytes
KW - IL-8
KW - Multi-wall carbon nanotubes
KW - Transmission electron microscopy
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U2 - 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.004
DO - 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 15649621
AN - SCOPUS:11844299672
SN - 0378-4274
VL - 155
SP - 377
EP - 384
JO - Toxicology Letters
JF - Toxicology Letters
IS - 3
ER -