@article{51f4bc1c98084a20ab427150cf144e05,
title = "Microstructural banding of directed energy deposition-additively manufactured 316L stainless steel",
abstract = "The microstructures of 316 L stainless steel created by rapid solidification are investigated by comparing the similar microstructures of individual hatches of directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (DED-AM) and those of single, laser surface-melted tracks formed on a solid plate. High recoil pressure, which is exponentially dependent on the laser beam power density, induces convection of the melt pool, which causes formation of microstructural bands in the as-solidified microstructure. The microstructural bands are associated with changes in the chromium concentration and are a significant component of the inhomogeneous microstructure of DED-AM.",
keywords = "Additive manufacturing, Directed energy deposition, Microstructure, Rapid solidification, Recoil pressure, Stainless steel",
author = "Yoon Hwa and Kumai, {Christopher S.} and Devine, {Thomas M.} and Nancy Yang and Yee, {Joshua K.} and Ryan Hardwick and Kai Burgmann",
note = "Funding Information: Our research was made possible by the programmatic support of Dr. Andy Vance. Funding Information: We are grateful to Mr. Gary Hux for operating the LENS facility in which the laser tracks were formed at SNL, and to Mr. Ryan Hashimoto and Mr. Jeff Chames for their assistance with the macrophotography and profilometry of the laser tracks. We have benefited from helpful discussions with Professors Mark Asta and Peter Hosemann of University of California, Berkeley. We are especially grateful to the Molecular Foundry and National Center of Electron Microscopy (Proposal #5847) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the use of the Zeiss Gemini Ultra-55 analytical scanning electron microscope, the Bruker AXS D8 Discover GADDS X-ray diffractometer, the FIB Strata, the Nano Mill and the FEI TitanX 60-300. Our research was made possible by the programmatic support of Dr. Andy Vance. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. The paper with internal report number of SAND2020-7241J is also acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.022",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "69",
pages = "96--105",
journal = "Journal of Materials Science and Technology",
issn = "1005-0302",
publisher = "Chinese Society of Metals",
}