TY - JOUR
T1 - MEMS thermal sensors to detect changes in heat transfer in the pre-atherosclerotic regions of fat-fed New Zealand white rabbits
AU - Yu, Fei
AU - Ai, Lisong
AU - Dai, Wangde
AU - Rozengurt, Nora
AU - Yu, Hongyu
AU - Hsiai, Tzung K.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Herbert J. Meiselman from Physiology and Biophysics for his assistance with viscosity measurement. The authors are grateful for the technical support from Sharon L. Hale and Dr. Robert A. Kloner at the Heart Institute of Good Samaritan Hospital. This work was supported by AHA Pre-Doctoral Fellowship 0615063Y (L. A.), NHLBI HL 83015 (T. K. H.), and NHLBI HL091302 (T. K. H.).
PY - 2011/6
Y1 - 2011/6
N2 - Real-time detection of pre-atherosclerotic regions remains an unmet clinical challenge. We previously demonstrated the application of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to detect changes in convective heat transfer in terms of sensor output voltages in the zone of flow reversal in an in vitro stenotic model. We hereby demonstrated changes in sensor output voltages in the pre-atherosclerotic regions in the New Zealand White rabbits fed on hypercholesterolemic diet (HD). After 8 weeks, we observed that mean output voltages (V ave) were similar in the distal aortic arch, thoracic, and abdominal aortas in the normal standard diet (ND) group, consistent with an absence of atherosclerosis. In HD group, V ave increased in the distal aortic arch (HD: V ave = 1.05 ± 0.04 V; ND: V ave = 0.12 ± 0.01 V, n = 3, p < 0.05) and in the thoracic aortas (HD: V ave = 0.72 ± 0.06 V; ND: V ave = 0.13 ± 0.024 V, n = 3, p < 0.05), consistent with the histological presence of pre-atherosclerosis. Despite HD diet, V ave magnitudes were similar to ND group in the abdominal aortas (HD: V ave = 0.14 ± 0.003 V; ND: V ave = 0.14 ± 0.004 V, n = 3), corroborating histological absence of pre-atherosclerosis. Hence, MEMS thermal sensors provide a new approach to detect changes in convective heat transfer in the pre-atherosclerotic regions.
AB - Real-time detection of pre-atherosclerotic regions remains an unmet clinical challenge. We previously demonstrated the application of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) to detect changes in convective heat transfer in terms of sensor output voltages in the zone of flow reversal in an in vitro stenotic model. We hereby demonstrated changes in sensor output voltages in the pre-atherosclerotic regions in the New Zealand White rabbits fed on hypercholesterolemic diet (HD). After 8 weeks, we observed that mean output voltages (V ave) were similar in the distal aortic arch, thoracic, and abdominal aortas in the normal standard diet (ND) group, consistent with an absence of atherosclerosis. In HD group, V ave increased in the distal aortic arch (HD: V ave = 1.05 ± 0.04 V; ND: V ave = 0.12 ± 0.01 V, n = 3, p < 0.05) and in the thoracic aortas (HD: V ave = 0.72 ± 0.06 V; ND: V ave = 0.13 ± 0.024 V, n = 3, p < 0.05), consistent with the histological presence of pre-atherosclerosis. Despite HD diet, V ave magnitudes were similar to ND group in the abdominal aortas (HD: V ave = 0.14 ± 0.003 V; ND: V ave = 0.14 ± 0.004 V, n = 3), corroborating histological absence of pre-atherosclerosis. Hence, MEMS thermal sensors provide a new approach to detect changes in convective heat transfer in the pre-atherosclerotic regions.
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Disturbed flow
KW - Heat transfer
KW - MEMS
KW - Shear stress
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U2 - 10.1007/s10439-011-0283-8
DO - 10.1007/s10439-011-0283-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 21380571
AN - SCOPUS:79958850406
SN - 0090-6964
VL - 39
SP - 1736
EP - 1744
JO - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
IS - 6
ER -