TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms and Measurement of Changes in Gene Expression
AU - Singh, Komal P.
AU - Miaskowski, Christine
AU - Dhruva, Anand A.
AU - Flowers, Elena
AU - Kober, Kord M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (NCI, CA134900). Dr. Christine Miaskowski is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by a grant from NCI (CA168960). Komal P. Singh is supported by a grant from the American Cancer Society and by a T32 grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (NR016920).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, © The Author(s) 2018.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - Research on gene expression (GE) provides insights into the physiology of a cell or group of cells at a given point in time. Studies of changes in GE can be used to identify patients at higher risk for various medical conditions, a higher symptom burden, and/or the adverse consequences associated with various treatments. The aims of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the different types of RNA transcripts, (2) to describe the processes involved in GE (i.e., RNA transcription, epigenetics, and posttranscriptional modifications), (3) to describe common sources of variation in GE, (4) to describe the most common methods used to measure GE, and (5) to discuss factors to consider when choosing tissue for a GE study. This article begins with an overview of the mechanisms involved in GE. Then, the factors that can influence the findings from GE experiments (e.g., tissue specificity, host age, host gender, and time of sample collection) are described and potential solutions are presented. This article concludes with a discussion of how the types of tissue used in GE studies can affect study findings. Given that the costs associated with the measurement of changes in GE are decreasing and the methods to analyze GE data are becoming easier to use, nurse scientists need to understand the basic principles that underlie any GE study.
AB - Research on gene expression (GE) provides insights into the physiology of a cell or group of cells at a given point in time. Studies of changes in GE can be used to identify patients at higher risk for various medical conditions, a higher symptom burden, and/or the adverse consequences associated with various treatments. The aims of this article are as follows: (1) to describe the different types of RNA transcripts, (2) to describe the processes involved in GE (i.e., RNA transcription, epigenetics, and posttranscriptional modifications), (3) to describe common sources of variation in GE, (4) to describe the most common methods used to measure GE, and (5) to discuss factors to consider when choosing tissue for a GE study. This article begins with an overview of the mechanisms involved in GE. Then, the factors that can influence the findings from GE experiments (e.g., tissue specificity, host age, host gender, and time of sample collection) are described and potential solutions are presented. This article concludes with a discussion of how the types of tissue used in GE studies can affect study findings. Given that the costs associated with the measurement of changes in GE are decreasing and the methods to analyze GE data are becoming easier to use, nurse scientists need to understand the basic principles that underlie any GE study.
KW - epigenetics
KW - gene expression
KW - microarray
KW - quantitative polymerase chain reaction
KW - ribonucleic acid sequencing
KW - transcription
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U2 - 10.1177/1099800418772161
DO - 10.1177/1099800418772161
M3 - Article
C2 - 29706088
AN - SCOPUS:85046746405
SN - 1099-8004
VL - 20
SP - 369
EP - 382
JO - Biological Research for Nursing
JF - Biological Research for Nursing
IS - 4
ER -