TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanical optimization of an arteriovenous malformation embolization material
T2 - A predictive model analysis
AU - Birdno, Merrill
AU - Vernon, Brent
N1 - Funding Information:
This work has been funded by Mayo Clinic Scotts-dale and the Harrington Department of Bioengineering at Arizona State University, seed grant number GEU0000 GES0016. The authors thank Mr Dallas Kingsbury of the Integrated Materials Testing Laboratory at Arizona State University for technical assistance during compression testing and Dr Vincent Pizziconi of Arizona State University for feedback on preliminary mathematical models.
PY - 2005/2
Y1 - 2005/2
N2 - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose a constant danger of hemorrhages, seizures, and headaches to patients; they also disrupt oxygen-rich blood flow entering capillaries of the brain. We have utilized a linear model to mechanically characterize and optimize a water-borne, reverse emulsion, self-reactive, in situ cross-linking material, which we propose clinical use as an embolization material. The material is formed by cross-linking various acrylate and thiol multifunctional precursors with NaOH supplemented PBS. We compared theoretical elastic modulus values to modulus values observed during compression testing to determine the cross-linking efficiency of the material. Empirically determined elastic moduli for various material compositions ranged from 0.76 to 2.26 MPa, with corresponding cross-link efficiencies averaging 55± 4%. We predict a reduction in theoretical circumferential stress exerted on AVM vasculature from 4933 to 10.9 Pa after embolization with the optimal material configuration. Theoretical risk of AVM rupture, as defined by Hademenos et al, 7 was reduced below 1.0% for extreme variations of vessel modulus, thickness, and blood pressure after embolization with the optimized material. We will be using this material configuration to embolize swine rete mirabile AVM models and further assess the clinical viability of this potential embolization material.
AB - Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) pose a constant danger of hemorrhages, seizures, and headaches to patients; they also disrupt oxygen-rich blood flow entering capillaries of the brain. We have utilized a linear model to mechanically characterize and optimize a water-borne, reverse emulsion, self-reactive, in situ cross-linking material, which we propose clinical use as an embolization material. The material is formed by cross-linking various acrylate and thiol multifunctional precursors with NaOH supplemented PBS. We compared theoretical elastic modulus values to modulus values observed during compression testing to determine the cross-linking efficiency of the material. Empirically determined elastic moduli for various material compositions ranged from 0.76 to 2.26 MPa, with corresponding cross-link efficiencies averaging 55± 4%. We predict a reduction in theoretical circumferential stress exerted on AVM vasculature from 4933 to 10.9 Pa after embolization with the optimal material configuration. Theoretical risk of AVM rupture, as defined by Hademenos et al, 7 was reduced below 1.0% for extreme variations of vessel modulus, thickness, and blood pressure after embolization with the optimized material. We will be using this material configuration to embolize swine rete mirabile AVM models and further assess the clinical viability of this potential embolization material.
KW - Cross-link density
KW - Elastic modulus
KW - In situ cross-linking
KW - Michael-type reaction
KW - Polymer modeling
KW - Theoretical models
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U2 - 10.1007/s10439-005-8977-4
DO - 10.1007/s10439-005-8977-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 15771272
AN - SCOPUS:17044414391
SN - 0090-6964
VL - 33
SP - 191
EP - 201
JO - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering
IS - 2
ER -