@article{3f5124f7f47d4c73a55b5926d6dddd8f,
title = "Managing and treating per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (Pfas) in membrane concentrates",
abstract = "Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be man-aged. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant concentration processes because it is beneficial to reduce concentrate volume prior to PFAS destruction or sequestration. Given the costs and challenges of managing PFAS in membrane concentrates, it is critical to evaluate both established and emerging technologies in selecting processes for immediate use and continued research.",
keywords = "Brine management, Concentrate management, Membranes, Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, Water treatment",
author = "Tow, {Emily W.} and Ersan, {Mahmut Selim} and Soyoon Kum and Tae Lee and Speth, {Thomas F.} and Christine Owen and Christopher Bellona and Nadagouda, {Mallikarjuna N.} and Mikelonis, {Anne M.} and Paul Westerhoff and Chandra Mysore and Frenkel, {Val S.} and Viraj Desilva and Walker, {W. Shane} and Safulko, {Andrew K.} and Ladner, {David A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (EEC-1449500) Nanosystems Engineering Research Center on Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment. We thank Evocra Pty Ltd (Riverside, Tasma-nia, Australia), Sheau-Yun (Dora) Chiang (Vice Presi-dent, CDM Smith, Marietta, Georgia, USA), OPEC Systems (Belrose, New South Wales, Australia), and Ea Dehn (Business Development, Aquarden Technologies, Sk?vinge, Denmark) for providing photographs of treatment systems. This work has been subjected to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's review and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Agency. Any mention of trade names, products, or services does not imply an endorsement by the Agency. The Agency does not endorse any commercial products, ser-vices, or enterprises. Funding Information: This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (EEC-1449500) Nanosystems Engineering Research Center on Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment. We thank Evocra Pty Ltd (Riverside, Tasmania, Australia), Sheau-Yun (Dora) Chiang (Vice President, CDM Smith, Marietta, Georgia, USA), OPEC Systems (Belrose, New South Wales, Australia), and Ea Dehn (Business Development, Aquarden Technologies, Sk{\ae}vinge, Denmark) for providing photographs of treatment systems. This work has been subjected to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's review and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Agency. Any mention of trade names, products, or services does not imply an endorsement by the Agency. The Agency does not endorse any commercial products, services, or enterprises. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. AWWA Water Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Water Works Association.",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/aws2.1233",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "3",
journal = "AWWA Water Science",
issn = "2577-8161",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "5",
}
