TY - JOUR
T1 - Main source of microwave loss in transition-metal-doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3at cryogenic temperatures
AU - Zhang, Shengke
AU - Devonport, Alex
AU - Newman, Nathan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The American Ceramic Society.
PY - 2015/4
Y1 - 2015/4
N2 - Microwave resonator measurements were performed on high-performance microwave ceramics Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BZT) and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) containing additives commonly used by commercial manufacturers (i.e., Co, Mn, and Ni). We find that the loss tangent, even in ambient magnetic fields, is dominated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption by exchange-coupled 3d electrons in transition metal clusters at cryogenic temperatures. The large orbital angular momentum in Co2+ and Ni2+ ions of L = 3 causes strong anisotropicbroadened dipolar interactions that extend EPR losses to zero applied field. This effect is greatest in BZN with Co concentrations greater than 0.5 mol%, dominating the losses at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) and below. In samples containing Mn2+ ions with L = 0, the dipolar interactions and associated EPR losses in ambient fields are smaller. We show the magnetic-field-dependent changes in the EPR losses (i.e., tan δ) and magnetic reactive response (i.e., μr) are from the same mechanism, as they follow the Kramers-Kronig relation. Finally, we note that these materials can make ultra-high Q passive microwave devices with externally controlled transfer functions, as the quality factor (Q) of the composition Ba(Co1/15Zn4/15Nb2/3)O3 at 77 K can be tuned from 1 100 to 12 000 at 10 GHz by applying practical magnetic fields.
AB - Microwave resonator measurements were performed on high-performance microwave ceramics Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BZT) and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) containing additives commonly used by commercial manufacturers (i.e., Co, Mn, and Ni). We find that the loss tangent, even in ambient magnetic fields, is dominated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption by exchange-coupled 3d electrons in transition metal clusters at cryogenic temperatures. The large orbital angular momentum in Co2+ and Ni2+ ions of L = 3 causes strong anisotropicbroadened dipolar interactions that extend EPR losses to zero applied field. This effect is greatest in BZN with Co concentrations greater than 0.5 mol%, dominating the losses at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) and below. In samples containing Mn2+ ions with L = 0, the dipolar interactions and associated EPR losses in ambient fields are smaller. We show the magnetic-field-dependent changes in the EPR losses (i.e., tan δ) and magnetic reactive response (i.e., μr) are from the same mechanism, as they follow the Kramers-Kronig relation. Finally, we note that these materials can make ultra-high Q passive microwave devices with externally controlled transfer functions, as the quality factor (Q) of the composition Ba(Co1/15Zn4/15Nb2/3)O3 at 77 K can be tuned from 1 100 to 12 000 at 10 GHz by applying practical magnetic fields.
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U2 - 10.1111/jace.13419
DO - 10.1111/jace.13419
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85027936008
SN - 0002-7820
VL - 98
SP - 1188
EP - 1194
JO - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
IS - 4
ER -