Abstract
We present a narrowband survey with three adjacent filters for z =2.8-2.9 Lyman alpha (Lyα) emitter (LAE) galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS), along with spectroscopic follow-up. With a complete sample of 96 LAE candidates in the narrowband NB466, we confirm the large-scale structure at z ∼ 2.8 suggested by previous spectroscopic surveys. Compared to the blank field detected with the other two narrowband filters NB470 and NB475, the LAE-density excess in NB466 (900 arcmin2) is ∼ 6.00.8 times the standard deviation expected at z ∼ 2.8, assuming a linear bias of 2. The overdense large-scale structure in NB466 can be decomposed into four protoclusters, whose overdensities (each within an equivalent comoving volume 153 Mpc3) relative to the blank field (NB470+NB475) are in the range of 4.6-6.6. These four protoclusters are expected to evolve into a Coma-like cluster (M ≥ 1015Mo) at z ∼ 0. We also investigate the various properties of LAEs at z = 2.8-2.9 and their dependence on the environment. The average star formation rates derived from the Lyα, rest-frame UV, and X-ray bands are ∼4, 10, and <16 M o yr-1, respectively, implying a Lyα escape fraction of 25% ≲ ≲ 40% and a UV continuum escape fraction of 62% for LAEs at z ∼ 2.8. The Lyα photon density calculated from the integrated Lyα luminosity function in the overdense field (NB466) is ∼50% higher than that in the blank field (NB470+NB475), and more bright LAEs are found in the overdense field. The three brightest LAEs, including a quasar at z = 2.81, are all detected in the X-ray band and in NB466. These three LAE-active galactic nuclei contribute an extra 20%-30% Lyα photon density compared to other LAE galaxies. Furthermore, we find that LAEs in overdense regions have larger equivalent width values, bluer U - B and V - R (∼2-3σ) colors compared with those in lower density regions, indicating that LAEs in overdense regions are younger and possible less dusty. We conclude that the structure at z ∼ 2.8 in the ECDFS field is a very significant and rare density peak similar to the SSA22 protocluster, and narrowband imaging is an efficient method of detecting and studying such structures in the high-z universe.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 23 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series |
| Volume | 226 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Oct 1 2016 |
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Keywords
- galaxies: evolution
- galaxies: high-redshift
- galaxies: luminosity function
- galaxies: structure
- mass function
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
Cite this
Lyα EMITTER GALAXIES at z ∼ 2.8 in the EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD SOUTH. I. TRACING the LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE VIA Lyα IMAGING. / Zheng, Zhen Ya; Malhotra, Sangeeta; Rhoads, James E.; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Wang, Jun Xian; Jiang, Chun Yan; Cai, Zheng.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, Vol. 226, No. 2, 23, 01.10.2016.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Lyα EMITTER GALAXIES at z ∼ 2.8 in the EXTENDED CHANDRA DEEP FIELD SOUTH. I. TRACING the LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE VIA Lyα IMAGING
AU - Zheng, Zhen Ya
AU - Malhotra, Sangeeta
AU - Rhoads, James E.
AU - Finkelstein, Steven L.
AU - Wang, Jun Xian
AU - Jiang, Chun Yan
AU - Cai, Zheng
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - We present a narrowband survey with three adjacent filters for z =2.8-2.9 Lyman alpha (Lyα) emitter (LAE) galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS), along with spectroscopic follow-up. With a complete sample of 96 LAE candidates in the narrowband NB466, we confirm the large-scale structure at z ∼ 2.8 suggested by previous spectroscopic surveys. Compared to the blank field detected with the other two narrowband filters NB470 and NB475, the LAE-density excess in NB466 (900 arcmin2) is ∼ 6.00.8 times the standard deviation expected at z ∼ 2.8, assuming a linear bias of 2. The overdense large-scale structure in NB466 can be decomposed into four protoclusters, whose overdensities (each within an equivalent comoving volume 153 Mpc3) relative to the blank field (NB470+NB475) are in the range of 4.6-6.6. These four protoclusters are expected to evolve into a Coma-like cluster (M ≥ 1015Mo) at z ∼ 0. We also investigate the various properties of LAEs at z = 2.8-2.9 and their dependence on the environment. The average star formation rates derived from the Lyα, rest-frame UV, and X-ray bands are ∼4, 10, and <16 M o yr-1, respectively, implying a Lyα escape fraction of 25% ≲ ≲ 40% and a UV continuum escape fraction of 62% for LAEs at z ∼ 2.8. The Lyα photon density calculated from the integrated Lyα luminosity function in the overdense field (NB466) is ∼50% higher than that in the blank field (NB470+NB475), and more bright LAEs are found in the overdense field. The three brightest LAEs, including a quasar at z = 2.81, are all detected in the X-ray band and in NB466. These three LAE-active galactic nuclei contribute an extra 20%-30% Lyα photon density compared to other LAE galaxies. Furthermore, we find that LAEs in overdense regions have larger equivalent width values, bluer U - B and V - R (∼2-3σ) colors compared with those in lower density regions, indicating that LAEs in overdense regions are younger and possible less dusty. We conclude that the structure at z ∼ 2.8 in the ECDFS field is a very significant and rare density peak similar to the SSA22 protocluster, and narrowband imaging is an efficient method of detecting and studying such structures in the high-z universe.
AB - We present a narrowband survey with three adjacent filters for z =2.8-2.9 Lyman alpha (Lyα) emitter (LAE) galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS), along with spectroscopic follow-up. With a complete sample of 96 LAE candidates in the narrowband NB466, we confirm the large-scale structure at z ∼ 2.8 suggested by previous spectroscopic surveys. Compared to the blank field detected with the other two narrowband filters NB470 and NB475, the LAE-density excess in NB466 (900 arcmin2) is ∼ 6.00.8 times the standard deviation expected at z ∼ 2.8, assuming a linear bias of 2. The overdense large-scale structure in NB466 can be decomposed into four protoclusters, whose overdensities (each within an equivalent comoving volume 153 Mpc3) relative to the blank field (NB470+NB475) are in the range of 4.6-6.6. These four protoclusters are expected to evolve into a Coma-like cluster (M ≥ 1015Mo) at z ∼ 0. We also investigate the various properties of LAEs at z = 2.8-2.9 and their dependence on the environment. The average star formation rates derived from the Lyα, rest-frame UV, and X-ray bands are ∼4, 10, and <16 M o yr-1, respectively, implying a Lyα escape fraction of 25% ≲ ≲ 40% and a UV continuum escape fraction of 62% for LAEs at z ∼ 2.8. The Lyα photon density calculated from the integrated Lyα luminosity function in the overdense field (NB466) is ∼50% higher than that in the blank field (NB470+NB475), and more bright LAEs are found in the overdense field. The three brightest LAEs, including a quasar at z = 2.81, are all detected in the X-ray band and in NB466. These three LAE-active galactic nuclei contribute an extra 20%-30% Lyα photon density compared to other LAE galaxies. Furthermore, we find that LAEs in overdense regions have larger equivalent width values, bluer U - B and V - R (∼2-3σ) colors compared with those in lower density regions, indicating that LAEs in overdense regions are younger and possible less dusty. We conclude that the structure at z ∼ 2.8 in the ECDFS field is a very significant and rare density peak similar to the SSA22 protocluster, and narrowband imaging is an efficient method of detecting and studying such structures in the high-z universe.
KW - galaxies: evolution
KW - galaxies: high-redshift
KW - galaxies: luminosity function
KW - galaxies: structure
KW - mass function
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84994681883&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84994681883&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3847/0067-0049/226/2/23
DO - 10.3847/0067-0049/226/2/23
M3 - Article
VL - 226
JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
SN - 0067-0049
IS - 2
M1 - 23
ER -