@article{2878c1efa8ba49f292480c7a6323422d,
title = "Liquid explosions induced by X-ray laser pulses",
abstract = "Explosions are spectacular and intriguing phenomena that expose the dynamics of matter under extreme conditions. We investigated, using time-resolved imaging, explosions induced by ultraintense X-ray laser pulses in water drops and jets. Our observations revealed an explosive vaporization followed by high-velocity interacting flows of liquid and vapour, and by the generation of shock trains in the liquid jets. These flows are different from those previously observed in laser ablation, owing to a simpler spatial pattern of X-ray absorption. We show that the explosion dynamics in our experiments is consistent with a redistribution of absorbed energy, mediated by a pressure or shock wave in the liquid, and we model the effects of explosions, including their adverse impact on X-ray laser experiments. X-ray laser explosions have predictable dynamics that may prove useful for controlling the state of pure liquids over broad energy scales and timescales, and for triggering pressure-sensitive molecular dynamics in solutions.",
author = "Stan, {Claudiu A.} and Despina Milathianaki and Hartawan Laksmono and Sierra, {Raymond G.} and McQueen, {Trevor A.} and Marc Messerschmidt and Williams, {Garth J.} and Koglin, {Jason E.} and Lane, {Thomas J.} and Hayes, {Matt J.} and Guillet, {Serge A.H.} and Mengning Liang and Aquila, {Andrew L.} and Willmott, {Philip R.} and Robinson, {Joseph S.} and Gumerlock, {Karl L.} and Sabine Botha and Karol Nass and Ilme Schlichting and Shoeman, {Robert L.} and Stone, {Howard A.} and S{\'e}bastien Boutet",
note = "Funding Information: The work was primarily supported by the in-house research programme at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division. Use of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. S.Botha, K.N., I.S. and R.L.S. acknowledge support from the Max Planck Society. The development of the optical imaging set-up was partially supported by the Human Frontiers Science Project Award RPG005/2011, and by the SLAC Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. We thank R. Curtis for his assistance in assembling the experiment and S. Hau-Riege for discussions. Funding Information: supported by the Human Frontiers Science Project Award RPG005/2011 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Natural. All rights reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/nphys3779",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "966--971",
journal = "Nature Physics",
issn = "1745-2473",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "10",
}