Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is carcinogenic in rodents and occurs in chloraminated drinking water and wastewater effluents. NDMA forms via reactions between chloramines and mostly unidentified, N-containing organic matter. We developed a mass spectrometry technique to identify NDMA precursors by analyzing 25 model compounds with LC/QTOF-MS. We searched isolates of 11 drinking water sources and 1 wastewater using a custom MATLAB® program and extracted ion chromatograms for two fragmentation patterns that were specific to the model compounds. Once a diagnostic fragment was discovered, we conducted MS/MS during a subsequent injection to confirm the precursor ion. Using non-target searches and two diagnostic fragmentation patterns, we discovered 158 potential NDMA precursors. Of these, 16 were identified using accurate mass combined with fragment and retention time matches of analytical standards when available. Five of these sixteen NDMA precursors were previously unidentified in the literature, three of which were metabolites of pharmaceuticals. Except methadone, the newly identified precursors all had NDMA molar yields of less than 5%, indicating that NDMA formation could be additive from multiple compounds, each with low yield. We demonstrate that the method is applicable to other disinfection by-product precursors by predicting and verifying the fragmentation patterns for one nitrosodiethylamine precursor.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Journal | Journal of Hazardous Materials |
| DOIs | |
| State | Accepted/In press - Feb 3 2016 |
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Keywords
- Diagnostic ion
- Disinfection by-product
- N-Nitrosodimethylamine
- Precursor
- Time-of-flight
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
- Pollution
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Engineering
Cite this
LC/QTOF-MS fragmentation of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in drinking water supplies is predictable and aids their identification. / Hanigan, David; Ferrer, Imma; Thurman, E. Michael; Herckes, Pierre; Westerhoff, Paul.
In: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 03.02.2016.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - LC/QTOF-MS fragmentation of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in drinking water supplies is predictable and aids their identification
AU - Hanigan, David
AU - Ferrer, Imma
AU - Thurman, E. Michael
AU - Herckes, Pierre
AU - Westerhoff, Paul
PY - 2016/2/3
Y1 - 2016/2/3
N2 - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is carcinogenic in rodents and occurs in chloraminated drinking water and wastewater effluents. NDMA forms via reactions between chloramines and mostly unidentified, N-containing organic matter. We developed a mass spectrometry technique to identify NDMA precursors by analyzing 25 model compounds with LC/QTOF-MS. We searched isolates of 11 drinking water sources and 1 wastewater using a custom MATLAB® program and extracted ion chromatograms for two fragmentation patterns that were specific to the model compounds. Once a diagnostic fragment was discovered, we conducted MS/MS during a subsequent injection to confirm the precursor ion. Using non-target searches and two diagnostic fragmentation patterns, we discovered 158 potential NDMA precursors. Of these, 16 were identified using accurate mass combined with fragment and retention time matches of analytical standards when available. Five of these sixteen NDMA precursors were previously unidentified in the literature, three of which were metabolites of pharmaceuticals. Except methadone, the newly identified precursors all had NDMA molar yields of less than 5%, indicating that NDMA formation could be additive from multiple compounds, each with low yield. We demonstrate that the method is applicable to other disinfection by-product precursors by predicting and verifying the fragmentation patterns for one nitrosodiethylamine precursor.
AB - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is carcinogenic in rodents and occurs in chloraminated drinking water and wastewater effluents. NDMA forms via reactions between chloramines and mostly unidentified, N-containing organic matter. We developed a mass spectrometry technique to identify NDMA precursors by analyzing 25 model compounds with LC/QTOF-MS. We searched isolates of 11 drinking water sources and 1 wastewater using a custom MATLAB® program and extracted ion chromatograms for two fragmentation patterns that were specific to the model compounds. Once a diagnostic fragment was discovered, we conducted MS/MS during a subsequent injection to confirm the precursor ion. Using non-target searches and two diagnostic fragmentation patterns, we discovered 158 potential NDMA precursors. Of these, 16 were identified using accurate mass combined with fragment and retention time matches of analytical standards when available. Five of these sixteen NDMA precursors were previously unidentified in the literature, three of which were metabolites of pharmaceuticals. Except methadone, the newly identified precursors all had NDMA molar yields of less than 5%, indicating that NDMA formation could be additive from multiple compounds, each with low yield. We demonstrate that the method is applicable to other disinfection by-product precursors by predicting and verifying the fragmentation patterns for one nitrosodiethylamine precursor.
KW - Diagnostic ion
KW - Disinfection by-product
KW - N-Nitrosodimethylamine
KW - Precursor
KW - Time-of-flight
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84971655213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84971655213&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.023
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 27229910
AN - SCOPUS:84971655213
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
SN - 0304-3894
ER -