TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of hurricanes on surface water flow within a wetland
AU - Deng, Yang
AU - Solo-Gabriele Helena M., H. M.
AU - Laas, Michael
AU - Leonard, Lynn
AU - Childers, Daniel
AU - He, Guoqing
AU - Engel, Victor
N1 - Funding Information:
This project was funded through the National Park Service and Everglades National Park (Contract No. H 5000 00 0494 J5297050059 NPS CESU). Partial support was also provided by the Florida Coastal Everglades LTER Program through the National Science Foundation Grant No. 9910514 . We gratefully acknowledge the assistance received from representatives of the USGS, SFWMD, SonTek, and AMJ Equipment who were very generous with their knowledge and time. We also thank Jose Bazante, Gary Jacobi, and Amy Omae for facilitating data collection early during this study, and Michael Ross, Damon Rondeau, and other members of the FIU Wetland Ecosystems Ecology Lab for field logistical support.
PY - 2010/10
Y1 - 2010/10
N2 - Between 2001 and 2005, seven category 3 or higher major hurricanes made landfall within the US. The hydrologic impacts of these distinct climatic phenomena frequently occurring in wetland watersheds, however, are not well understood. The focus of this study was to evaluate the impacts of hurricane wind and rainfall conditions on water velocity and water elevations within the study wetland, the Florida Everglades. Specifically water velocity data was measured near two tree islands (Gumbo Limbo (GL) and Satin Leaf (SL)) and wind speed, water elevation, and rainfall were obtained from nearby wind observation stations. During the direct impacts of the hurricanes (Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma), water speed, flow direction, and hydraulic gradients were altered, and the extent of variation was positively related to wind characteristics, with significant alterations in flow direction at depth during Hurricane Wilma due to higher wind speeds. After the direct impacts, the longer lasting effect of hurricanes (time scale of a few days) resulted in altered flow speeds that changed by 50% or less. These longer lasting changes in flow speeds may be due to the redistribution of emergent vegetation.
AB - Between 2001 and 2005, seven category 3 or higher major hurricanes made landfall within the US. The hydrologic impacts of these distinct climatic phenomena frequently occurring in wetland watersheds, however, are not well understood. The focus of this study was to evaluate the impacts of hurricane wind and rainfall conditions on water velocity and water elevations within the study wetland, the Florida Everglades. Specifically water velocity data was measured near two tree islands (Gumbo Limbo (GL) and Satin Leaf (SL)) and wind speed, water elevation, and rainfall were obtained from nearby wind observation stations. During the direct impacts of the hurricanes (Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma), water speed, flow direction, and hydraulic gradients were altered, and the extent of variation was positively related to wind characteristics, with significant alterations in flow direction at depth during Hurricane Wilma due to higher wind speeds. After the direct impacts, the longer lasting effect of hurricanes (time scale of a few days) resulted in altered flow speeds that changed by 50% or less. These longer lasting changes in flow speeds may be due to the redistribution of emergent vegetation.
KW - Hurricane
KW - Water velocity
KW - Wetland
KW - Wind velocity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.08.004
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:77957018616
VL - 392
SP - 164
EP - 173
JO - Journal of Hydrology
JF - Journal of Hydrology
SN - 0022-1694
IS - 3-4
ER -