TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of hydraulic and carbon loading rates of constructed wetlands on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal
AU - Sharif, Fariya
AU - Westerhoff, Paul
AU - Herckes, Pierre
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding for this study was provided by Water Research Foundation (WRF) # 4334 , “Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Organic and Nanomaterial Pollutants.” The authors would like to thank Marisa Masles for her contribution in developing the LC–MS/MS analytical methods.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Constructed wetlands remove trace organic contaminants via synergistic processes involving plant biomass that include hydrolysis, volatilization, sorption, biodegradation, and photolysis. Wetland design conditions, such as hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and carbon loading rates (CLRs), influence these processes. Contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) removal by wetland plants was investigated at varying HLRs and CLRs. Rate constants and parameters obtained from batch-scale studies were used in a mechanistic model to evaluate the effect of these two loading rates on CEC removal. CLR significantly influenced CEC removal when wetlands were operated at HLR >5 cm/d. High values of CLR increased removal of estradiol and carbamazepine but lowered that of testosterone and atrazine. Without increasing the cumulative HLR, operating two wetlands in series with varying CLRs could be a way to improve CEC removal.
AB - Constructed wetlands remove trace organic contaminants via synergistic processes involving plant biomass that include hydrolysis, volatilization, sorption, biodegradation, and photolysis. Wetland design conditions, such as hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) and carbon loading rates (CLRs), influence these processes. Contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) removal by wetland plants was investigated at varying HLRs and CLRs. Rate constants and parameters obtained from batch-scale studies were used in a mechanistic model to evaluate the effect of these two loading rates on CEC removal. CLR significantly influenced CEC removal when wetlands were operated at HLR >5 cm/d. High values of CLR increased removal of estradiol and carbamazepine but lowered that of testosterone and atrazine. Without increasing the cumulative HLR, operating two wetlands in series with varying CLRs could be a way to improve CEC removal.
KW - Carbon loading rate (CLR)
KW - Constructed wetland
KW - Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)
KW - Hydraulic loading rate (HLR)
KW - Wastewater
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U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.001
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 24246781
AN - SCOPUS:84888097564
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 185
SP - 107
EP - 115
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
ER -