TY - JOUR
T1 - High-achieving schools connote risks for adolescents
T2 - Problems documented, processes implicated, and directions for interventions
AU - Luthar, Suniya S.
AU - Kumar, Nina L.
AU - Zillmer, Nicole
N1 - Funding Information:
This article was supported by funding from Authentic Connections, which was founded by Suniya S. Luthar, who also serves as the organization’s Executive Director. Nina Kumar is Chief Executive Officer of Authentic Connections.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Psychological Association.
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Excessive pressures to excel, generally in affluent contexts, are now listed among the top 4 "high risk" factors for adolescents' mental health, along with exposure to poverty, trauma, and discrimination. Multiple studies of high-achieving school (HAS) cohorts have shown elevated rates of serious symptoms relative to norms, with corroborating evidence from other research using diverse designs. Grounded in theories on resilience and ecological influences in development, a conceptual model is presented here on major risk and protective processes implicated in unrelenting achievement pressures facing HAS youth. These include forces at the macrolevel, including economic and technological changes that have led to the "middle class squeeze, " and proximal influences involving the family, peers, schools, and communities. Also considered are potential directions for future interventions, with precautions about some practices that are currently widespread in HAS contexts. In the years ahead, any meaningful reductions in the high distress of HAS youth will require collaborations among all stakeholders, with parents and educators targeting the specific areas that must be prioritized in their own communities. Leaders in higher education and social policy could also help in beginning to curtail this problem, which is truly becoming an epidemic among today's youth.
AB - Excessive pressures to excel, generally in affluent contexts, are now listed among the top 4 "high risk" factors for adolescents' mental health, along with exposure to poverty, trauma, and discrimination. Multiple studies of high-achieving school (HAS) cohorts have shown elevated rates of serious symptoms relative to norms, with corroborating evidence from other research using diverse designs. Grounded in theories on resilience and ecological influences in development, a conceptual model is presented here on major risk and protective processes implicated in unrelenting achievement pressures facing HAS youth. These include forces at the macrolevel, including economic and technological changes that have led to the "middle class squeeze, " and proximal influences involving the family, peers, schools, and communities. Also considered are potential directions for future interventions, with precautions about some practices that are currently widespread in HAS contexts. In the years ahead, any meaningful reductions in the high distress of HAS youth will require collaborations among all stakeholders, with parents and educators targeting the specific areas that must be prioritized in their own communities. Leaders in higher education and social policy could also help in beginning to curtail this problem, which is truly becoming an epidemic among today's youth.
KW - Affluence
KW - High-achieving schools (HAS)
KW - Resilience
KW - Risk
KW - Socioeconomic status
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U2 - 10.1037/amp0000556
DO - 10.1037/amp0000556
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85075763610
SN - 0003-066X
VL - 75
SP - 983
EP - 995
JO - American Psychologist
JF - American Psychologist
IS - 7
ER -