Harmonic power flow studies - part II implementation and practical application

This is a companion paper to a paper of the same title, Part I, in which the electric power flow problem is reformulated to account for harmonic signals which arise from nonlinear loads. In this paper, implementation and practical applications are discussed. The problem of initialization of bus voltages (including harmonics) is considered and convergence of the algorithm is assessed from the theoretical viewpoint and from the results of actual studies. The principal content of this paper is two examples both containing nonlinear loads (rectifiers). Conclusions and recommendations are made concerning the application of harmonic power flow studies. The salient recommendation is that in the presence of nonlinear loads (especially during light loading) or in systems containing HVDC lines, harmonic signals should not be ignored.