@inproceedings{05ad3a7dfe6c4a8fbaa526bfface047c,
title = "Hand-held force magnifier for surgical instruments",
abstract = "We present a novel and relatively simple method for magnifying forces perceived by an operator using a tool. A sensor measures the force between the tip of a tool and its handle held by the operator's fingers. These measurements are used to create a proportionally greater force between the handle and a brace attached to the operator's hand, providing an enhanced perception of forces between the tip of the tool and a target. We have designed and tested a prototype that is completely hand-held and thus can be easily manipulated to a wide variety of locations and orientations. Preliminary psychophysical evaluation demonstrates that the device improves the ability to detect and differentiate between small forces at the tip of the tool. Magnifying forces in this manner may provide an improved ability to perform delicate surgical procedures, while preserving the flexibility of a hand-held instrument.",
keywords = "force magnifier, force-reflecting, haptics, microsurgery, robotic surgery, steady hand, touch",
author = "George Stetten and Bing Wu and Roberta Klatzky and John Galeotti and Mel Siegel and Randy Lee and Francis Mah and Andrew Eller and Joel Schuman and Ralph Hollis",
year = "2011",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-21504-9_9",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9783642215032",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
pages = "90--100",
booktitle = "Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions - Second International Conference, IPCAI 2011, Proceedings",
note = "2nd International Conference on Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions, IPCAI 2011 ; Conference date: 22-06-2011 Through 22-06-2011",
}