@article{51f8d5e8fce8428e88445daa0d91a0f6,
title = "Gut organoids: Mini-tissues in culture to study intestinal physiology and disease",
abstract = "In vitro, cell cultures are essential tools in the study of intestinal function and disease. For the past few decades, monolayer cellular cultures, such as cancer cell lines or immortalized cell lines, have been widely applied in gastrointestinal research. Recently, the development of three-dimensional cultures known as organoids has permitted the growth of normal crypt-villus units that recapitulate many aspects of intestinal physiology. Organoid culturing has also been applied to study gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal-microbe interactions, and colorectal cancer. These models are amenable to CRISPR gene editing and drug treatments, including high-throughput small-molecule testing. Three-dimensional intestinal cultures have been transplanted into mice to develop versatile in vivo models of intestinal disease, particularly cancer. Limitations of currently available organoid models include cost and challenges in modeling nonepithelial intestinal cells, such as immune cells and the microbiota. Here, we describe the development of organoid models of intestinal biology and the applications of organoids for study of the pathophysiology of intestinal diseases and cancer.",
keywords = "Colon cancer, Genetic editing, Gut physiology, Intestinal organoids, Organoid culture",
author = "Mohammad Almeqdadi and Mana, {Miyeko D.} and Jatin Roper and Yilmaz, {{\"O}mer H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Research conducted in the authors' laboratories was supported by the NIH (Grant K08 CA198002, to J. Roper; Grants R00 AG045144, R01 CA211184, and R01 CA034992, to O. H. Yilmaz); Department of Defense (PRCRP Career Development Award CA120198, to J. Roper); the V Foundation V Scholar Award (J. Roper and O. H. Yilmaz); the Sidney Kimmel Scholar Award ({\"O}. H. Yilmaz); the Pew-Stewart Trust Scholar Award (O. H. Yilmaz); the Koch Institute Frontier Research Program through the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund (O. H. Yilmaz); and by the Koch Institute Support (core) Grant P30-CA14051 from the National Cancer Institute Funding Information: Research conducted in the authors{\textquoteright} laboratories was supported by the NIH (Grant K08 CA198002, to J. Roper; Grants R00 AG045144, R01 CA211184, and R01 CA034992, to {\"O}. H. Yilmaz); Department of Defense (PRCRP Career Development Award CA120198, to J. Roper); the V Foundation V Scholar Award (J. Roper and {\"O}. H. Yilmaz); the Sidney Kimmel Scholar Award ({\"O}. H. Yilmaz); the Pew-Stewart Trust Scholar Award ({\"O}. H. Yilmaz); the Koch Institute Frontier Research Program through the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund ({\"O}. H. Yilmaz); and by the Koch Institute Support (core) Grant P30-CA14051 from the National Cancer Institute. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 the American Physiological Society.",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2017",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "317",
pages = "C405--C419",
journal = "American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism",
issn = "0193-1849",
publisher = "American Physiological Society",
number = "3",
}