Geochemical energy sources that support the subsurface biosphere

Physics & Astronomy

• biosphere 100%
• energy sources 70%
• submarine hydrothermal vents 47%
• mid-ocean ridges 22%
• low temperature environments 20%
• shock 19%
• microorganisms 15%
• oxidation 9%
• hydrogen 7%
• energy 7%
• predictions 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• biosphere 63%
• energy source 61%
• black smoker 37%
• biotope 15%
• mid-ocean ridge 14%
• disequilibrium 13%
• energy 12%
• hydrogen 9%
• microorganism 9%
• oxidation 8%
• calculation 6%
• prediction 6%