TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender identity and substance use among students in two high schools in Monterrey, Mexico
AU - Kulis, Stephen
AU - Marsiglia, Flavio
AU - Lingard, Erin Chase
AU - Nieri, Tanya
AU - Nagoshi, Julieann
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding sources: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse funding for the Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center at Arizona State University (R-24 DA 13937-01), and seed grants from the Arizona State University Vice President for Research and College of Public Programs. These funding sources had no role in selecting the study design; or in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.Contributors: Stephen Kulis and Flavio Marsiglia designed the study. Tanya Nieri assisted them in developing the measures and questionnaires. Erin Chase Lingard conducted the literature review and summary of previous related work. She assisted Stephen Kulis in conducting the statistical analysis, and in preparing initial drafts. Julieann Nagoshi assisted with revisions to the paper. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.
PY - 2008/6/1
Y1 - 2008/6/1
N2 - This study explored relationships between several hypothesized dimensions of gender identity and substance use outcomes within a non-probability sample of adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico. Based on Mexican concepts of machismo and marianismo, four gender identity constructs were measured: aggressive masculinity, assertive masculinity, affective femininity and submissive femininity. The study assessed how well these gender identity measures predicted substance use behaviors, substance use intentions, expectancies, and normative approval, and exposure and vulnerability to substance offers. Data were drawn from questionnaires completed by 327 students from 2 Monterrey secondary schools. Multivariate ordered logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for school level effects, indicated that aggressive masculinity was associated with higher risk of drug use on most outcomes, while affective femininity was associated with lower risk on selected outcomes. Assertive masculinity was associated with only one of the outcomes examined and submissive femininity with none of them. Most gender identity effects persisted after controlling for biological sex, academic performance, age, and other gender identity measures. For two of the outcomes, the gender identity measures had significantly stronger effects for males than for females. The findings are interpreted in light of males' higher risk for drug use and changes in gender roles and gendered behavior that are now occurring in Mexico as in the U.S.
AB - This study explored relationships between several hypothesized dimensions of gender identity and substance use outcomes within a non-probability sample of adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico. Based on Mexican concepts of machismo and marianismo, four gender identity constructs were measured: aggressive masculinity, assertive masculinity, affective femininity and submissive femininity. The study assessed how well these gender identity measures predicted substance use behaviors, substance use intentions, expectancies, and normative approval, and exposure and vulnerability to substance offers. Data were drawn from questionnaires completed by 327 students from 2 Monterrey secondary schools. Multivariate ordered logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for school level effects, indicated that aggressive masculinity was associated with higher risk of drug use on most outcomes, while affective femininity was associated with lower risk on selected outcomes. Assertive masculinity was associated with only one of the outcomes examined and submissive femininity with none of them. Most gender identity effects persisted after controlling for biological sex, academic performance, age, and other gender identity measures. For two of the outcomes, the gender identity measures had significantly stronger effects for males than for females. The findings are interpreted in light of males' higher risk for drug use and changes in gender roles and gendered behavior that are now occurring in Mexico as in the U.S.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Gender gap
KW - Gender identity
KW - Mexico
KW - Substance use
KW - Youth
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U2 - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.019
DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 18329826
AN - SCOPUS:42749088925
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 95
SP - 258
EP - 268
JO - Drug and alcohol dependence
JF - Drug and alcohol dependence
IS - 3
ER -