Abstract
To examine the validity and test the generalizability of the Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW) beyond the original college student sample, a geographically dispersed sample of employed White adults (N = 284) in eight states completed the measure to assess for White empathic reactions toward racism, White guilt, and White fear of people of other races. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure, and a test of factorial invariance for the adult sample data compared against the original college-student sample data suggested the need for further refinement and conceptualization of White guilt among employed adults. Convergent validity was documented with indicators of color-blind racial beliefs and openness to diversity. Finally, significant interaction effects between sample (community or college) and sex (male or female) on reported levels of costs were identified.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 871-894 |
Number of pages | 24 |
Journal | The Counseling Psychologist |
Volume | 36 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 2008 |
Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Applied Psychology