TY - JOUR
T1 - From MAX Phase Carbides to Nitrides
T2 - Synthesis of V2GaC, V2GaN, and the Carbonitride V2GaC1-xN x
AU - Kubitza, Niels
AU - Reitz, Andreas
AU - Zieschang, Anne Marie
AU - Pazniak, Hanna
AU - Albert, Barbara
AU - Kalha, Curran
AU - Schlueter, Christoph
AU - Regoutz, Anna
AU - Wiedwald, Ulf
AU - Birkel, Christina S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within CRC/TRR 270, projects B03 and B02 (Project ID 405553726). Further support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft has been provided through a Walter Benjamin Fellowship (Project ID 456639820). Support by the Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN) of the University of Duisburg-Essen (DFG RIsources reference RI_00313) a DFG-funded core facility (Project Nos. 233512597 and 324659309) is gratefully acknowledged.
Funding Information:
This work has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within CRC/TRR 270, projects B03 and B02 (Project ID 405553726). Further support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft has been provided through a Walter Benjamin Fellowship (Project ID 456639820). Support by the Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN) of the University of Duisburg-Essen (DFG RIsources reference RI_00313), a DFG-funded core facility (Project Nos. 233512597 and 324659309), is gratefully acknowledged. A. Regoutz acknowledges support from the Analytical Chemistry Trust Fund for her CAMS-UK fellowship. C.K. acknowledges support from the Department of Chemistry, UCL. The authors also acknowledge DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of this research were carried out at PETRA III using beamline P22. Beamtime was allocated for proposal I-20210139EC.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2022/7/18
Y1 - 2022/7/18
N2 - The research in MAX phases is mainly concentrated on the investigation of carbides rather than nitrides (currently >150 carbides and only <15 nitrides) that are predominantly synthesized by conventional solid-state techniques. This is not surprising since the preparation of nitrides and carbonitrides is more demanding due to the high stability and low diffusion rate of nitrogen-containing compounds. This leads to several drawbacks concerning potential variations in the chemical composition of the MAX phases as well as control of morphology, the two aspects that directly affect the resulting materials properties. Here, we report how alternative solid-state hybrid techniques solve these limitations by combining conventional techniques with nonconventional precursor synthesis methods, such as the "urea-glass"sol-gel or liquid ammonia method. We demonstrate the synthesis and morphology control within the V-Ga-C-N system by preparing the MAX phase carbide and nitride-the latter in the form of bulkier and more defined smaller particle structures-as well as a hitherto unknown carbonitride V2GaC1-xNx MAX phase. This shows the versatility of hybrid methods starting, for example, from wet chemically obtained precursors that already contain all of the ingredients needed for carbonitride formation. All products are characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies to confirm their structure and morphology and to detect subtle differences between the different chemical compositions.
AB - The research in MAX phases is mainly concentrated on the investigation of carbides rather than nitrides (currently >150 carbides and only <15 nitrides) that are predominantly synthesized by conventional solid-state techniques. This is not surprising since the preparation of nitrides and carbonitrides is more demanding due to the high stability and low diffusion rate of nitrogen-containing compounds. This leads to several drawbacks concerning potential variations in the chemical composition of the MAX phases as well as control of morphology, the two aspects that directly affect the resulting materials properties. Here, we report how alternative solid-state hybrid techniques solve these limitations by combining conventional techniques with nonconventional precursor synthesis methods, such as the "urea-glass"sol-gel or liquid ammonia method. We demonstrate the synthesis and morphology control within the V-Ga-C-N system by preparing the MAX phase carbide and nitride-the latter in the form of bulkier and more defined smaller particle structures-as well as a hitherto unknown carbonitride V2GaC1-xNx MAX phase. This shows the versatility of hybrid methods starting, for example, from wet chemically obtained precursors that already contain all of the ingredients needed for carbonitride formation. All products are characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies to confirm their structure and morphology and to detect subtle differences between the different chemical compositions.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200
DO - 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00200
M3 - Article
C2 - 35775787
AN - SCOPUS:85134632300
SN - 0020-1669
VL - 61
SP - 10634
EP - 10641
JO - Inorganic chemistry
JF - Inorganic chemistry
IS - 28
ER -