TY - GEN
T1 - Forward-looking engineering concepts for ultrasonic modulation of neural circuit activity in humans
AU - Hwang, Grace M.
AU - Lani, Shane W.
AU - Rosenberg, Allan P.
AU - Congedo, Marina B.
AU - Tyler, William J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) under an internally funded research and development project. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing JHU/APL. William Jamie Tyler is an inventor of issued and pending patents related to neuromodulation and the co-founder of a device company.
Publisher Copyright:
© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - We examine the potential for low-intensity focused ultrasound to non-invasively produce small (< 1mm3) focal acoustic fields for precise brain stimulation near the skull. Our goal is to utilize transcranial ultrasonic neuromodulation to transform communications and immersive gaming experiences and to optimize neuromodulation applications in medicine. To begin evaluating possible hardware design strategies for engineering ultrasonic brain interfaces, in the present study we evaluated the skull transmission properties of longitudinal and shear waves as a function of incidence angle for 0-2 MHz. We also employed K-wave and time-reversal numerical simulations to further inspect waveform interactions with modeled layers. Timereversal focusing for single-layer and three-layer skull cases were simulated for three different bandwidth ranges (MHz): Broadband(0-2), 1 MHz(0.4-1.4), and 0.2 MHz(0.4-0.6). Broadband and 1 MHz bandwidths emulate the performance of micromachined or piezo membrane ultrasonic arrays, while 0.2 MHz bandwidth is representative of the performance of conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. We found the 3dB focal volume was ∼0.6 mm for broadband and 1 MHz, with the latter showing a slightly larger sidelobe. In contrast, 0.2 MHz nearly doubled the size of the 3dB focal volume while producing prominent sidelobes. Our results provide initial confirmation that a broadband, ultrasonic, linear array can access the first 15 mm of the human brain, which contains circuitry essential to sensory processing including pre-motor and motor planning, somatosensory feedback, and visual attention. These areas are critical targets for providing haptic feedback via non-invasive neural stimulation.
AB - We examine the potential for low-intensity focused ultrasound to non-invasively produce small (< 1mm3) focal acoustic fields for precise brain stimulation near the skull. Our goal is to utilize transcranial ultrasonic neuromodulation to transform communications and immersive gaming experiences and to optimize neuromodulation applications in medicine. To begin evaluating possible hardware design strategies for engineering ultrasonic brain interfaces, in the present study we evaluated the skull transmission properties of longitudinal and shear waves as a function of incidence angle for 0-2 MHz. We also employed K-wave and time-reversal numerical simulations to further inspect waveform interactions with modeled layers. Timereversal focusing for single-layer and three-layer skull cases were simulated for three different bandwidth ranges (MHz): Broadband(0-2), 1 MHz(0.4-1.4), and 0.2 MHz(0.4-0.6). Broadband and 1 MHz bandwidths emulate the performance of micromachined or piezo membrane ultrasonic arrays, while 0.2 MHz bandwidth is representative of the performance of conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. We found the 3dB focal volume was ∼0.6 mm for broadband and 1 MHz, with the latter showing a slightly larger sidelobe. In contrast, 0.2 MHz nearly doubled the size of the 3dB focal volume while producing prominent sidelobes. Our results provide initial confirmation that a broadband, ultrasonic, linear array can access the first 15 mm of the human brain, which contains circuitry essential to sensory processing including pre-motor and motor planning, somatosensory feedback, and visual attention. These areas are critical targets for providing haptic feedback via non-invasive neural stimulation.
KW - Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)
KW - Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs)
KW - Haptics
KW - Human-Computer Interface (HCI)
KW - Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)
KW - Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs)
KW - Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS)
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U2 - 10.1117/12.2327094
DO - 10.1117/12.2327094
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85049232538
T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
BT - Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications X
A2 - Islam, M. Saif
A2 - George, Thomas
A2 - Dutta, Achyut K.
PB - SPIE
T2 - 2018 Micro- and Nanotechnology (MNT) Sensors, Systems, and Applications X Conference
Y2 - 15 April 2018 through 19 April 2018
ER -