Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

T. Nakamura; M. Matsumoto; K. Amano; Y. Enokido; M. E. Zolensky; T. Mikouchi; H. Genda; S. Tanaka; M. Y. Zolotov; K. Kurosawa; S. Wakita; R. Hyodo; H. Nagano; D. Nakashima; Y. Takahashi; Y. Fujioka; M. Kikuiri; E. Kagawa; M. Matsuoka; A. J. Brearley; A. Tsuchiyama; M. Uesugi; J. Matsuno; Y. Kimura; M. Sato; R. E. Milliken; E. Tatsumi; S. Sugita; T. Hiroi; K. Kitazato; D. Brownlee; D. J. Joswiak; M. Takahashi; K. Ninomiya; T. Takahashi; T. Osawa; K. Terada; F. E. Brenker; B. J. Tkalcec; L. Vincze; R. Brunetto; A. Aléon-Toppani; Q. H.S. Chan; M. Roskosz; J. C. Viennet; P. Beck; E. E. Alp; T. Michikami; Y. Nagaashi; T. Tsuji; Y. Ino; J. Martinez; J. Han; A. Dolocan; R. J. Bodnar; M. Tanaka; H. Yoshida; K. Sugiyama; A. J. King; K. Fukushi; H. Suga; S. Yamashita; T. Kawai; K. Inoue; A. Nakato; T. Noguchi; F. Vilas; A. R. Hendrix; C. Jaramillo-Correa; D. L. Domingue; G. Dominguez; Z. Gainsforth; C. Engrand; J. Duprat; S. S. Russell; E. Bonato; C. Ma; T. Kawamoto; T. Wada; S. Watanabe; R. Endo; S. Enju; L. Riu; S. Rubino; P. Tack; S. Takeshita; Y. Takeichi; A. Takeuchi; A. Takigawa; D. Takir; T. Tanigaki; A. Taniguchi; K. Tsukamoto; T. Yagi; S. Yamada; K. Yamamoto; Y. Yamashita; M. Yasutake; K. Uesugi; I. Umegaki; I. Chiu; T. Ishizaki; S. Okumura; E. Palomba; C. Pilorget; S. M. Potin; A. Alasli; S. Anada; Y. Araki; N. Sakatani; C. Schultz; O. Sekizawa; S. D. Sitzman; K. Sugiura; M. Sun; E. Dartois; E. De Pauw; Z. Dionnet; Z. Djouadi; G. Falkenberg; R. Fujita; T. Fukuma; I. R. Gearba; K. Hagiya; M. Y. Hu; T. Kato; T. Kawamura; M. Kimura; M. K. Kubo; F. Langenhorst; C. Lantz; B. Lavina; M. Lindner; J. Zhao; B. Vekemans; D. Baklouti; B. Bazi; F. Borondics; S. Nagasawa; G. Nishiyama; K. Nitta; J. Mathurin; T. Matsumoto; I. Mitsukawa; H. Miura; A. Miyake; Y. Miyake; H. Yurimoto; R. Okazaki; H. Yabuta; H. Naraoka; K. Sakamoto; S. Tachibana; H. C. Connolly; D. S. Lauretta; M. Yoshitake; M. Yoshikawa; K. Yoshikawa; K. Yoshihara; Y. Yokota; K. Yogata; H. Yano; Y. Yamamoto; D. Yamamoto; M. Yamada; T. Yamada; T. Yada; K. Wada; T. Usui; R. Tsukizaki; F. Terui; H. Takeuchi; Y. Takei; A. Iwamae; H. Soejima; K. Shirai; Y. Shimaki; H. Senshu; H. Sawada; T. Saiki; M. Ozaki; G. Ono; T. Okada; N. Ogawa; K. Ogawa; R. Noguchi; H. Noda; M. Nishimura; N. Namiki; S. Nakazawa; T. Morota; A. Miyazaki; A. Miura; Y. Mimasu; K. Matsumoto; K. Kumagai; T. Kouyama; S. Kikuchi; K. Kawahara; S. Kameda; T. Iwata; Y. Ishihara; M. Ishiguro; H. Ikeda; S. Hosoda; R. Honda; C. Honda; Y. Hitomi; N. Hirata; N. Hirata; T. Hayashi; M. Hayakawa; K. Hatakeda; S. Furuya; R. Fukai; A. Fujii; Y. Cho; M. Arakawa; M. Abe; S. Watanabe; Y. Tsuda

doi:10.1126/science.abn8671

Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, K. Amano, Y. Enokido, M. E. Zolensky, T. Mikouchi, H. Genda, S. Tanaka, M. Y. Zolotov, K. Kurosawa, S. Wakita, R. Hyodo, H. Nagano, D. Nakashima, Y. Takahashi, Y. Fujioka, M. Kikuiri, E. Kagawa, M. Matsuoka, A. J. BrearleyA. Tsuchiyama, M. Uesugi, J. Matsuno, Y. Kimura, M. Sato, R. E. Milliken, E. Tatsumi, S. Sugita, T. Hiroi, K. Kitazato, D. Brownlee, D. J. Joswiak, M. Takahashi, K. Ninomiya, T. Takahashi, T. Osawa, K. Terada, F. E. Brenker, B. J. Tkalcec, L. Vincze, R. Brunetto, A. Aléon-Toppani, Q. H.S. Chan, M. Roskosz, J. C. Viennet, P. Beck, E. E. Alp, T. Michikami, Y. Nagaashi, T. Tsuji, Y. Ino, J. Martinez, J. Han, A. Dolocan, R. J. Bodnar, M. Tanaka, H. Yoshida, K. Sugiyama, A. J. King, K. Fukushi, H. Suga, S. Yamashita, T. Kawai, K. Inoue, A. Nakato, T. Noguchi, F. Vilas, A. R. Hendrix, C. Jaramillo-Correa, D. L. Domingue, G. Dominguez, Z. Gainsforth, C. Engrand, J. Duprat, S. S. Russell, E. Bonato, C. Ma, T. Kawamoto, T. Wada, S. Watanabe, R. Endo, S. Enju, L. Riu, S. Rubino, P. Tack, S. Takeshita, Y. Takeichi, A. Takeuchi, A. Takigawa, D. Takir, T. Tanigaki, A. Taniguchi, K. Tsukamoto, T. Yagi, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, Y. Yamashita, M. Yasutake, K. Uesugi, I. Umegaki, I. Chiu, T. Ishizaki, S. Okumura, E. Palomba, C. Pilorget, S. M. Potin, A. Alasli, S. Anada, Y. Araki, N. Sakatani, C. Schultz, O. Sekizawa, S. D. Sitzman, K. Sugiura, M. Sun, E. Dartois, E. De Pauw, Z. Dionnet, Z. Djouadi, G. Falkenberg, R. Fujita, T. Fukuma, I. R. Gearba, K. Hagiya, M. Y. Hu, T. Kato, T. Kawamura, M. Kimura, M. K. Kubo, F. Langenhorst, C. Lantz, B. Lavina, M. Lindner, J. Zhao, B. Vekemans, D. Baklouti, B. Bazi, F. Borondics, S. Nagasawa, G. Nishiyama, K. Nitta, J. Mathurin, T. Matsumoto, I. Mitsukawa, H. Miura, A. Miyake, Y. Miyake, H. Yurimoto, R. Okazaki, H. Yabuta, H. Naraoka, K. Sakamoto, S. Tachibana, H. C. Connolly, D. S. Lauretta, M. Yoshitake, M. Yoshikawa, K. Yoshikawa, K. Yoshihara, Y. Yokota, K. Yogata, H. Yano, Y. Yamamoto, D. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, T. Yamada, T. Yada, K. Wada, T. Usui, R. Tsukizaki, F. Terui, H. Takeuchi, Y. Takei, A. Iwamae, H. Soejima, K. Shirai, Y. Shimaki, H. Senshu, H. Sawada, T. Saiki, M. Ozaki, G. Ono, T. Okada, N. Ogawa, K. Ogawa, R. Noguchi, H. Noda, M. Nishimura, N. Namiki, S. Nakazawa, T. Morota, A. Miyazaki, A. Miura, Y. Mimasu, K. Matsumoto, K. Kumagai, T. Kouyama, S. Kikuchi, K. Kawahara, S. Kameda, T. Iwata, Y. Ishihara, M. Ishiguro, H. Ikeda, S. Hosoda, R. Honda, C. Honda, Y. Hitomi, N. Hirata, N. Hirata, T. Hayashi, M. Hayakawa, K. Hatakeda, S. Furuya, R. Fukai, A. Fujii, Y. Cho, M. Arakawa, M. Abe, S. Watanabe, Y. Tsuda

Earth and Space Exploration, School of (SESE)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	eabn8671
Journal	Science
Volume	379
Issue number	6634
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn8671
State	Published - Feb 24 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

Access to Document

10.1126/science.abn8671

Cite this

Nakamura, T., Matsumoto, M., Amano, K., Enokido, Y., Zolensky, M. E., Mikouchi, T., Genda, H., Tanaka, S., Zolotov, M. Y., Kurosawa, K., Wakita, S., Hyodo, R., Nagano, H., Nakashima, D., Takahashi, Y., Fujioka, Y., Kikuiri, M., Kagawa, E., Matsuoka, M., ... Tsuda, Y. (2023). Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples. Science, 379(6634), [eabn8671]. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn8671

Nakamura, T, Matsumoto, M, Amano, K, Enokido, Y, Zolensky, ME, Mikouchi, T, Genda, H, Tanaka, S, Zolotov, MY, Kurosawa, K, Wakita, S, Hyodo, R, Nagano, H, Nakashima, D, Takahashi, Y, Fujioka, Y, Kikuiri, M, Kagawa, E, Matsuoka, M, Brearley, AJ, Tsuchiyama, A, Uesugi, M, Matsuno, J, Kimura, Y, Sato, M, Milliken, RE, Tatsumi, E, Sugita, S, Hiroi, T, Kitazato, K, Brownlee, D, Joswiak, DJ, Takahashi, M, Ninomiya, K, Takahashi, T, Osawa, T, Terada, K, Brenker, FE, Tkalcec, BJ, Vincze, L, Brunetto, R, Aléon-Toppani, A, Chan, QHS, Roskosz, M, Viennet, JC, Beck, P, Alp, EE, Michikami, T, Nagaashi, Y, Tsuji, T, Ino, Y, Martinez, J, Han, J, Dolocan, A, Bodnar, RJ, Tanaka, M, Yoshida, H, Sugiyama, K, King, AJ, Fukushi, K, Suga, H, Yamashita, S, Kawai, T, Inoue, K, Nakato, A, Noguchi, T, Vilas, F, Hendrix, AR, Jaramillo-Correa, C, Domingue, DL, Dominguez, G, Gainsforth, Z, Engrand, C, Duprat, J, Russell, SS, Bonato, E, Ma, C, Kawamoto, T, Wada, T, Watanabe, S, Endo, R, Enju, S, Riu, L, Rubino, S, Tack, P, Takeshita, S, Takeichi, Y, Takeuchi, A, Takigawa, A, Takir, D, Tanigaki, T, Taniguchi, A, Tsukamoto, K, Yagi, T, Yamada, S, Yamamoto, K, Yamashita, Y, Yasutake, M, Uesugi, K, Umegaki, I, Chiu, I, Ishizaki, T, Okumura, S, Palomba, E, Pilorget, C, Potin, SM, Alasli, A, Anada, S, Araki, Y, Sakatani, N, Schultz, C, Sekizawa, O, Sitzman, SD, Sugiura, K, Sun, M, Dartois, E, De Pauw, E, Dionnet, Z, Djouadi, Z, Falkenberg, G, Fujita, R, Fukuma, T, Gearba, IR, Hagiya, K, Hu, MY, Kato, T, Kawamura, T, Kimura, M, Kubo, MK, Langenhorst, F, Lantz, C, Lavina, B, Lindner, M, Zhao, J, Vekemans, B, Baklouti, D, Bazi, B, Borondics, F, Nagasawa, S, Nishiyama, G, Nitta, K, Mathurin, J, Matsumoto, T, Mitsukawa, I, Miura, H, Miyake, A, Miyake, Y, Yurimoto, H, Okazaki, R, Yabuta, H, Naraoka, H, Sakamoto, K, Tachibana, S, Connolly, HC, Lauretta, DS, Yoshitake, M, Yoshikawa, M, Yoshikawa, K, Yoshihara, K, Yokota, Y, Yogata, K, Yano, H, Yamamoto, Y, Yamamoto, D, Yamada, M, Yamada, T, Yada, T, Wada, K, Usui, T, Tsukizaki, R, Terui, F, Takeuchi, H, Takei, Y, Iwamae, A, Soejima, H, Shirai, K, Shimaki, Y, Senshu, H, Sawada, H, Saiki, T, Ozaki, M, Ono, G, Okada, T, Ogawa, N, Ogawa, K, Noguchi, R, Noda, H, Nishimura, M, Namiki, N, Nakazawa, S, Morota, T, Miyazaki, A, Miura, A, Mimasu, Y, Matsumoto, K, Kumagai, K, Kouyama, T, Kikuchi, S, Kawahara, K, Kameda, S, Iwata, T, Ishihara, Y, Ishiguro, M, Ikeda, H, Hosoda, S, Honda, R, Honda, C, Hitomi, Y, Hirata, N, Hirata, N, Hayashi, T, Hayakawa, M, Hatakeda, K, Furuya, S, Fukai, R, Fujii, A, Cho, Y, Arakawa, M, Abe, M, Watanabe, S & Tsuda, Y 2023, 'Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples', Science, vol. 379, no. 6634, eabn8671. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn8671

@article{63771c08bb004d9383d828587462125f,

title = "Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples",

abstract = "Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.",

author = "T. Nakamura and M. Matsumoto and K. Amano and Y. Enokido and Zolensky, {M. E.} and T. Mikouchi and H. Genda and S. Tanaka and Zolotov, {M. Y.} and K. Kurosawa and S. Wakita and R. Hyodo and H. Nagano and D. Nakashima and Y. Takahashi and Y. Fujioka and M. Kikuiri and E. Kagawa and M. Matsuoka and Brearley, {A. J.} and A. Tsuchiyama and M. Uesugi and J. Matsuno and Y. Kimura and M. Sato and Milliken, {R. E.} and E. Tatsumi and S. Sugita and T. Hiroi and K. Kitazato and D. Brownlee and Joswiak, {D. J.} and M. Takahashi and K. Ninomiya and T. Takahashi and T. Osawa and K. Terada and Brenker, {F. E.} and Tkalcec, {B. J.} and L. Vincze and R. Brunetto and A. Al{\'e}on-Toppani and Chan, {Q. H.S.} and M. Roskosz and Viennet, {J. C.} and P. Beck and Alp, {E. E.} and T. Michikami and Y. Nagaashi and T. Tsuji and Y. Ino and J. Martinez and J. Han and A. Dolocan and Bodnar, {R. J.} and M. Tanaka and H. Yoshida and K. Sugiyama and King, {A. J.} and K. Fukushi and H. Suga and S. Yamashita and T. Kawai and K. Inoue and A. Nakato and T. Noguchi and F. Vilas and Hendrix, {A. R.} and C. Jaramillo-Correa and Domingue, {D. L.} and G. Dominguez and Z. Gainsforth and C. Engrand and J. Duprat and Russell, {S. S.} and E. Bonato and C. Ma and T. Kawamoto and T. Wada and S. Watanabe and R. Endo and S. Enju and L. Riu and S. Rubino and P. Tack and S. Takeshita and Y. Takeichi and A. Takeuchi and A. Takigawa and D. Takir and T. Tanigaki and A. Taniguchi and K. Tsukamoto and T. Yagi and S. Yamada and K. Yamamoto and Y. Yamashita and M. Yasutake and K. Uesugi and I. Umegaki and I. Chiu and T. Ishizaki and S. Okumura and E. Palomba and C. Pilorget and Potin, {S. M.} and A. Alasli and S. Anada and Y. Araki and N. Sakatani and C. Schultz and O. Sekizawa and Sitzman, {S. D.} and K. Sugiura and M. Sun and E. Dartois and {De Pauw}, E. and Z. Dionnet and Z. Djouadi and G. Falkenberg and R. Fujita and T. Fukuma and Gearba, {I. R.} and K. Hagiya and Hu, {M. Y.} and T. Kato and T. Kawamura and M. Kimura and Kubo, {M. K.} and F. Langenhorst and C. Lantz and B. Lavina and M. Lindner and J. Zhao and B. Vekemans and D. Baklouti and B. Bazi and F. Borondics and S. Nagasawa and G. Nishiyama and K. Nitta and J. Mathurin and T. Matsumoto and I. Mitsukawa and H. Miura and A. Miyake and Y. Miyake and H. Yurimoto and R. Okazaki and H. Yabuta and H. Naraoka and K. Sakamoto and S. Tachibana and Connolly, {H. C.} and Lauretta, {D. S.} and M. Yoshitake and M. Yoshikawa and K. Yoshikawa and K. Yoshihara and Y. Yokota and K. Yogata and H. Yano and Y. Yamamoto and D. Yamamoto and M. Yamada and T. Yamada and T. Yada and K. Wada and T. Usui and R. Tsukizaki and F. Terui and H. Takeuchi and Y. Takei and A. Iwamae and H. Soejima and K. Shirai and Y. Shimaki and H. Senshu and H. Sawada and T. Saiki and M. Ozaki and G. Ono and T. Okada and N. Ogawa and K. Ogawa and R. Noguchi and H. Noda and M. Nishimura and N. Namiki and S. Nakazawa and T. Morota and A. Miyazaki and A. Miura and Y. Mimasu and K. Matsumoto and K. Kumagai and T. Kouyama and S. Kikuchi and K. Kawahara and S. Kameda and T. Iwata and Y. Ishihara and M. Ishiguro and H. Ikeda and S. Hosoda and R. Honda and C. Honda and Y. Hitomi and N. Hirata and N. Hirata and T. Hayashi and M. Hayakawa and K. Hatakeda and S. Furuya and R. Fukai and A. Fujii and Y. Cho and M. Arakawa and M. Abe and S. Watanabe and Y. Tsuda",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by KAKENHI from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); grants JP20H00188 and 19H05183 to T.Na.; JP19K14776 to M.Matsum.; 21K18645 to T.Mik. and K.Sugiy.; JP20H00205 to A.Ts., M.Matsum., A.Miyak., and J.Mats.; 17H06458 to K.F., Y.Taka., S.Yamas., and M.Kim.; JP17H06459 to T.Na., T.U., S.Wat., M.Matsuo., N.N., T.Mo., T.Ok., Y.S., N.S., and R.N.; JP15H05695 to A.Ts. and K.U.; 20H05846 to S.Tac.; JP17H06457 to H.G.; JP19H00726 to K.Kur., H. G., and T.Mik.; JP21J13337 to K.A.; JP18H05456 and JP20H00189 to K.Sugiy.; 18H05463 to T.Tak., S.Nakas., and S.Wat.; 18H05460 to K.Nin. and T.Os.; 18H05464 to Y.Miy.; 18H05457 to K.Nin., T.Tak., S.Wat., and Y.Miy.; and JP18H05479 to M.U. This work was also supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core program “International Network of Planetary Sciences” and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (grants JPMXS0450200421 and JPMXS0450200521 to S.S.); A.J.K. acknowledges funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. A.J.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA Emerging Worlds grant 80NSSC18K0731. P.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement 771691 (Solarys) and the CNES. R.B. and F.B. acknowledge support by Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV) and SOLEIL for the FTIR micro-spectroscopy measurements. F.E.B and B.J.T. acknowledge funding from German Research Foundation DFG grant BR2015/38-1 and Dr. Ralph Schwieter Foundation. L.V. and B.B. acknowledge support from Ghent University Special Research Fund Grants BOF-01GC1517 and Research Foundation Flanders grants G0D5221N and 1205322N. B.V. acknowledges funding from BOF17-GOA-015. P.T. acknowledges funding from Ghent University Special Research Fund Grants BOF20/PDO/037 and Research Foundation Flanders grants G0D5221N and 1205322N. M.R. acknowledges the French PICS-CNRS funding program, the French ANR (CLASSY) and the FACCTS program, and funding from the DOE Office of Science Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.R. and J.C.V. benefited from the Ile de France DIM ACAV+ funding (PARYUGU). M.Y.Z. is supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0786 and 80NSSC19K0313. A.Ts. is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative, grant 2019VCA0004. D.L.D. is supported by NASA grants NNX16AL34G and 80ARC017M00005. E.P. acknowledges funding from Italian Space Agency (ASI) through contract 2018-27-HH-0. F.V., A.R.H., and C.J. acknowledge funding from NASA's TREX node of the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute 2016 (SSERVI16) Cooperative Agreement (NNH16ZDA001N). G.D. acknowledges NASA LARS funding of NanoIR technique development (80NSSC19K1051). M.E.Z. is supported by NASA Hayabusa2 Mission Participating Scientist Program. M.Tan. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant 21K03654. C.E., J.D., E.Da., and J.Math. acknowledge funding from CNES (MIAMI2), DIM-ACAV+ (C3E), LabEx P2IO, and ANR (COMETOR ANR-18-CE31-0011). R.B., A.Al{\'e}., Z.Di., C.L., Z.Dj., D.Ba., L.R., S.R., and C.P. acknowledge support by the CNES. K.A. is supported an GP-EES Research Grant. Z.G. acknowledges the Molecular Foundry, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.",

year = "2023",

month = feb,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1126/science.abn8671",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "379",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "6634",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu

T2 - Direct evidence from returned samples

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Matsumoto, M.

AU - Amano, K.

AU - Enokido, Y.

AU - Zolensky, M. E.

AU - Mikouchi, T.

AU - Genda, H.

AU - Tanaka, S.

AU - Zolotov, M. Y.

AU - Kurosawa, K.

AU - Wakita, S.

AU - Hyodo, R.

AU - Nagano, H.

AU - Nakashima, D.

AU - Takahashi, Y.

AU - Fujioka, Y.

AU - Kikuiri, M.

AU - Kagawa, E.

AU - Matsuoka, M.

AU - Brearley, A. J.

AU - Tsuchiyama, A.

AU - Uesugi, M.

AU - Matsuno, J.

AU - Kimura, Y.

AU - Sato, M.

AU - Milliken, R. E.

AU - Tatsumi, E.

AU - Sugita, S.

AU - Hiroi, T.

AU - Kitazato, K.

AU - Brownlee, D.

AU - Joswiak, D. J.

AU - Takahashi, M.

AU - Ninomiya, K.

AU - Takahashi, T.

AU - Osawa, T.

AU - Terada, K.

AU - Brenker, F. E.

AU - Tkalcec, B. J.

AU - Vincze, L.

AU - Brunetto, R.

AU - Aléon-Toppani, A.

AU - Chan, Q. H.S.

AU - Roskosz, M.

AU - Viennet, J. C.

AU - Beck, P.

AU - Alp, E. E.

AU - Michikami, T.

AU - Nagaashi, Y.

AU - Tsuji, T.

AU - Ino, Y.

AU - Martinez, J.

AU - Han, J.

AU - Dolocan, A.

AU - Bodnar, R. J.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Yoshida, H.

AU - Sugiyama, K.

AU - King, A. J.

AU - Fukushi, K.

AU - Suga, H.

AU - Yamashita, S.

AU - Kawai, T.

AU - Inoue, K.

AU - Nakato, A.

AU - Noguchi, T.

AU - Vilas, F.

AU - Hendrix, A. R.

AU - Jaramillo-Correa, C.

AU - Domingue, D. L.

AU - Dominguez, G.

AU - Gainsforth, Z.

AU - Engrand, C.

AU - Duprat, J.

AU - Russell, S. S.

AU - Bonato, E.

AU - Ma, C.

AU - Kawamoto, T.

AU - Wada, T.

AU - Watanabe, S.

AU - Endo, R.

AU - Enju, S.

AU - Riu, L.

AU - Rubino, S.

AU - Tack, P.

AU - Takeshita, S.

AU - Takeichi, Y.

AU - Takeuchi, A.

AU - Takigawa, A.

AU - Takir, D.

AU - Tanigaki, T.

AU - Taniguchi, A.

AU - Tsukamoto, K.

AU - Yagi, T.

AU - Yamada, S.

AU - Yamamoto, K.

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N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by KAKENHI from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); grants JP20H00188 and 19H05183 to T.Na.; JP19K14776 to M.Matsum.; 21K18645 to T.Mik. and K.Sugiy.; JP20H00205 to A.Ts., M.Matsum., A.Miyak., and J.Mats.; 17H06458 to K.F., Y.Taka., S.Yamas., and M.Kim.; JP17H06459 to T.Na., T.U., S.Wat., M.Matsuo., N.N., T.Mo., T.Ok., Y.S., N.S., and R.N.; JP15H05695 to A.Ts. and K.U.; 20H05846 to S.Tac.; JP17H06457 to H.G.; JP19H00726 to K.Kur., H. G., and T.Mik.; JP21J13337 to K.A.; JP18H05456 and JP20H00189 to K.Sugiy.; 18H05463 to T.Tak., S.Nakas., and S.Wat.; 18H05460 to K.Nin. and T.Os.; 18H05464 to Y.Miy.; 18H05457 to K.Nin., T.Tak., S.Wat., and Y.Miy.; and JP18H05479 to M.U. This work was also supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core program “International Network of Planetary Sciences” and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (grants JPMXS0450200421 and JPMXS0450200521 to S.S.); A.J.K. acknowledges funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. A.J.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA Emerging Worlds grant 80NSSC18K0731. P.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement 771691 (Solarys) and the CNES. R.B. and F.B. acknowledge support by Region Ile-de-France (DIM-ACAV) and SOLEIL for the FTIR micro-spectroscopy measurements. F.E.B and B.J.T. acknowledge funding from German Research Foundation DFG grant BR2015/38-1 and Dr. Ralph Schwieter Foundation. L.V. and B.B. acknowledge support from Ghent University Special Research Fund Grants BOF-01GC1517 and Research Foundation Flanders grants G0D5221N and 1205322N. B.V. acknowledges funding from BOF17-GOA-015. P.T. acknowledges funding from Ghent University Special Research Fund Grants BOF20/PDO/037 and Research Foundation Flanders grants G0D5221N and 1205322N. M.R. acknowledges the French PICS-CNRS funding program, the French ANR (CLASSY) and the FACCTS program, and funding from the DOE Office of Science Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.R. and J.C.V. benefited from the Ile de France DIM ACAV+ funding (PARYUGU). M.Y.Z. is supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0786 and 80NSSC19K0313. A.Ts. is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative, grant 2019VCA0004. D.L.D. is supported by NASA grants NNX16AL34G and 80ARC017M00005. E.P. acknowledges funding from Italian Space Agency (ASI) through contract 2018-27-HH-0. F.V., A.R.H., and C.J. acknowledge funding from NASA's TREX node of the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute 2016 (SSERVI16) Cooperative Agreement (NNH16ZDA001N). G.D. acknowledges NASA LARS funding of NanoIR technique development (80NSSC19K1051). M.E.Z. is supported by NASA Hayabusa2 Mission Participating Scientist Program. M.Tan. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant 21K03654. C.E., J.D., E.Da., and J.Math. acknowledge funding from CNES (MIAMI2), DIM-ACAV+ (C3E), LabEx P2IO, and ANR (COMETOR ANR-18-CE31-0011). R.B., A.Alé., Z.Di., C.L., Z.Dj., D.Ba., L.R., S.R., and C.P. acknowledge support by the CNES. K.A. is supported an GP-EES Research Grant. Z.G. acknowledges the Molecular Foundry, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023/2/24

Y1 - 2023/2/24

N2 - Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

AB - Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148772806&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85148772806&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/science.abn8671

DO - 10.1126/science.abn8671

M3 - Article

C2 - 36137011

AN - SCOPUS:85148772806

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 379

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6634

M1 - eabn8671

ER -

Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

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