Formation and energetics of amorphous rare earth (RE) carbonates in the RE₂O₃–CO₂–H₂O system

Physics & Astronomy

• carbonates 91%
• rare earth elements 69%
• thermodynamics 55%
• enthalpy 48%
• molybdates 37%
• products 34%
• oxides 33%
• ureas 33%
• amorphous materials 31%
• hydrolysis 31%
• partial pressure 26%
• thermal analysis 25%
• sodium 24%
• heat measurement 23%
• precipitates 23%
• synthesis 19%
• kinetics 16%
• gases 13%
• temperature 8%
• energy 7%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Rare earths 100%
• Carbonates 92%
• Crystalline materials 42%
• Enthalpy 20%
• Thermodynamics 17%
• Oxides 17%
• Metastable phases 16%
• Calorimetry 13%
• Chemical analysis 13%
• Differential thermal analysis 12%
• Urea 12%
• Hydrolysis 12%
• Partial pressure 12%
• Precipitates 10%
• Thermodynamic stability 10%
• Sodium 10%
• Molten materials 9%
• Powders 8%
• Temperature 8%
• Gases 5%

Chemical Compounds

• Carbonate 63%
• Lanthanoid Atom 61%
• Amorphous Material 56%
• Thermodynamics 18%
• Metastable Phase 13%
• Nonstoichiometric Compound 11%
• Oxide 10%
• Molybdate 10%
• Enthalpy of Formation 9%
• Partial Pressure 9%
• Calorimetry 9%
• Urea 8%
• Enthalpy 7%
• Chemical Transformation 6%
• Sodium Atom 6%
• Hydrolysis 6%
• Gas 5%
• Solvent 4%