@article{bca3315f431c4a3dbeda6c5a519ae5e3,
title = "Flexible agropastoral strategies during the 1st millennium CE in southern Peru: Examining yunga Arequipa camelid husbandry practices during Wari expansion through stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) in the Majes and Sihuas Valleys",
abstract = "Imperial expansion can have substantial impacts on the daily and long-term activities of colonized regions. However, statecraft can vary depending on local resilience and the decisions made by agropastoralists and other economic collectives. We explore how Wari expansion affected, and was affected by, pastoralists{\textquoteright} activities by examining the isotopic variation of camelid bone, teeth, and hair (or fibres) at three mid-valley (yunga) (500–2300 masl) sites in the Majes and Sihuas valleys of southern Peru. We report stable δ13C and δ15N isotopic compositions (n = 34) of keratin from previously published serial samples of camelid (Lama sp./Vicugna sp.) fibre from the site of Beringa in the Majes Valley, δ13C and δ15N values of bone collagen (n = 6) and δ13C values from tooth enamel bioapatite (n = 65) from Uraca in the Majes Valley, and δ13C and δ15N values of bone collagen (n = 30) from Quilcapampa in the Sihuas Valley. We compare diets between sites and between development phases of individual animals. Extensive networks of inter-valley trails connected neighboring yunga communities and camelid caravans enabled the exchange of goods and ideas. Stable isotope analysis of camelids from these three sites suggests that yunga communities in the Majes and Sihuas valleys were engaged in both highland and coastal camelid-caravan networks prior to Wari expansion that permitted local communities to maintain foddering flexibility. Herders maintained these networks into the Wari era, while also taking advantage of new trading opportunities as they became available.",
keywords = "Agropastoralism, Daily strategies, Interregional interaction, Middle horizon, Stable isotope analysis, State expansion",
author = "Alaica, {Aleksa K.} and Scaffidi, {Beth K.} and {Gonz{\'a}lez La Rosa}, {Luis Manuel} and Justin Jennings and Knudson, {Kelly J.} and Tung, {Tiffiny A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The Ministry of Culture in Peru approved the excavation and export of material from Uraca (Resoluci{\'o}n Directoral #082–2014, #067-2015-VMPCIC-MC, #212-2018-VMPCIC-MC, Beringa (#615-2001-INC) and Quilcapampa (#208-2018-VMPCIC-MC). This work was supported by the following grants: Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Dissertation Grant #8680, Graduate Women in Science Nell I. Monday Fellowship to BKS; the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Insight Grant #43150212 to JJ; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change to KJK; the National Science Foundation Grant (BCS-1420757) and Vanderbilt Research Scholar Grant to TAT. We thank Tom Snyder and Teresa Miller at Vanderbilt BSIRL for drilling the Uraca camelid teeth, and we are grateful to Natasha Vang at Vanderbilt BSIRL for chemically preparing the Uraca samples. Thanks to Natalya Zolotova of ASU METAL for her support in instrumental analysis and data interpretation of the Quilcapampa materials. Finally, we thank Robert Losey and three anonymous reviewers for their feedback that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Funding Information: The Ministry of Culture in Peru approved the excavation and export of material from Uraca (Resoluci{\'o}n Directoral #082–2014, #067-2015-VMPCIC-MC, #212-2018-VMPCIC-MC, Beringa (#615-2001-INC) and Quilcapampa (#208-2018-VMPCIC-MC). This work was supported by the following grants: Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research , Dissertation Grant #8680, Graduate Women in Science Nell I . Monday Fellowship to BKS; the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada , Insight Grant # 43150212 to JJ; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change to KJK; the National Science Foundation Grant (BCS- 1420757 ) and Vanderbilt Research Scholar Grant to TAT. We thank Tom Snyder and Teresa Miller at Vanderbilt BSIRL for drilling the Uraca camelid teeth, and we are grateful to Natasha Vang at Vanderbilt BSIRL for chemically preparing the Uraca samples. Thanks to Natalya Zolotova of ASU METAL for her support in instrumental analysis and data interpretation of the Quilcapampa materials. Finally, we thank Robert Losey and three anonymous reviewers for their feedback that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.quaint.2022.06.015",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "634",
pages = "48--64",
journal = "Quaternary International",
issn = "1040-6182",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
}