Abstract
Objective: This article first summarizes key research findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study from 1987 to the present, and focuses on delinquency in 1,517 young men who have been followed up from late childhood into their 20s. Second, the article addresses how indicators of self-control prospectively predict later offending, and whether the prediction shows individual difference in the age-crime curve, particularly the up-slope, peak, and down-slope of that curve. Method: Longitudinal analyses were conducted on a sample of boys in the middle sample of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (n = 422), whose cognitive impulsivity and intelligence were assessed at about age 12 years. Criminal records on the sample were until age 28. Results: The results show that cognitive impulsivity and intelligence, measured between ages 12 and 13 by means of psychometric tests, predicted the age-crime curve. The age-arrest curve was substantially higher in boys with high cognitive impulsivity and in boys with low IQ. However, there was a significant interaction between cognitive impulsivity and intelligence. For boys with high IQ, cognitive impulsivity was associated with a greater escalation in the prevalence of offending during early adolescence, followed by a more rapid decline in offending as boys entered early adulthood with a slight subsequent increase in criminal offending then occurring late 20. In contrast, there was no evidence that cognitive impulsivity independently influenced criminal offending at any developmental period for boys with low IQ. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of interventions to reduce individuals delinquency from childhood through early adulthood and lower the age-crime curve for populations. However, the association was complex because it was moderated by both age and intelligence.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1136-1149 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 2012 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- age-crime curve
- delinquency
- impulsivity
- intelligence
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
Cite this
Findings from the Pittsburgh youth study : Cognitive impulsivity and intelligence as predictors of the age-crime curve. / Loeber, Rolf; Menting, Barbara; Lynam, Donald R.; Moffitt, Terri E.; Stouthamer-Loeber, Magda; Stallings, Rebecca; Farrington, David P.; Pardini, Dustin.
In: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 51, No. 11, 11.2012, p. 1136-1149.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Findings from the Pittsburgh youth study
T2 - Cognitive impulsivity and intelligence as predictors of the age-crime curve
AU - Loeber, Rolf
AU - Menting, Barbara
AU - Lynam, Donald R.
AU - Moffitt, Terri E.
AU - Stouthamer-Loeber, Magda
AU - Stallings, Rebecca
AU - Farrington, David P.
AU - Pardini, Dustin
PY - 2012/11
Y1 - 2012/11
N2 - Objective: This article first summarizes key research findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study from 1987 to the present, and focuses on delinquency in 1,517 young men who have been followed up from late childhood into their 20s. Second, the article addresses how indicators of self-control prospectively predict later offending, and whether the prediction shows individual difference in the age-crime curve, particularly the up-slope, peak, and down-slope of that curve. Method: Longitudinal analyses were conducted on a sample of boys in the middle sample of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (n = 422), whose cognitive impulsivity and intelligence were assessed at about age 12 years. Criminal records on the sample were until age 28. Results: The results show that cognitive impulsivity and intelligence, measured between ages 12 and 13 by means of psychometric tests, predicted the age-crime curve. The age-arrest curve was substantially higher in boys with high cognitive impulsivity and in boys with low IQ. However, there was a significant interaction between cognitive impulsivity and intelligence. For boys with high IQ, cognitive impulsivity was associated with a greater escalation in the prevalence of offending during early adolescence, followed by a more rapid decline in offending as boys entered early adulthood with a slight subsequent increase in criminal offending then occurring late 20. In contrast, there was no evidence that cognitive impulsivity independently influenced criminal offending at any developmental period for boys with low IQ. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of interventions to reduce individuals delinquency from childhood through early adulthood and lower the age-crime curve for populations. However, the association was complex because it was moderated by both age and intelligence.
AB - Objective: This article first summarizes key research findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study from 1987 to the present, and focuses on delinquency in 1,517 young men who have been followed up from late childhood into their 20s. Second, the article addresses how indicators of self-control prospectively predict later offending, and whether the prediction shows individual difference in the age-crime curve, particularly the up-slope, peak, and down-slope of that curve. Method: Longitudinal analyses were conducted on a sample of boys in the middle sample of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (n = 422), whose cognitive impulsivity and intelligence were assessed at about age 12 years. Criminal records on the sample were until age 28. Results: The results show that cognitive impulsivity and intelligence, measured between ages 12 and 13 by means of psychometric tests, predicted the age-crime curve. The age-arrest curve was substantially higher in boys with high cognitive impulsivity and in boys with low IQ. However, there was a significant interaction between cognitive impulsivity and intelligence. For boys with high IQ, cognitive impulsivity was associated with a greater escalation in the prevalence of offending during early adolescence, followed by a more rapid decline in offending as boys entered early adulthood with a slight subsequent increase in criminal offending then occurring late 20. In contrast, there was no evidence that cognitive impulsivity independently influenced criminal offending at any developmental period for boys with low IQ. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of interventions to reduce individuals delinquency from childhood through early adulthood and lower the age-crime curve for populations. However, the association was complex because it was moderated by both age and intelligence.
KW - age-crime curve
KW - delinquency
KW - impulsivity
KW - intelligence
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867843924&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84867843924&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.019
DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 23101740
AN - SCOPUS:84867843924
VL - 51
SP - 1136
EP - 1149
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
SN - 0890-8567
IS - 11
ER -